Download Review Sheet

Biology 212: Cell Biology
2-7-03
Review Sheet for In-class Quiz #1
To do well on the upcoming quiz, you should be comfortable answering the questions
listed below. Approximately 90-95% of the quiz questions will relate to items on this list,
although the phrasing, format, and/or specific facts needed to answer the quiz questions may be
different than what is covered below. I suggest that you study for the quiz as follows: first read
over your entire set of lecture/lab/discussion notes, making sure that everything makes sense to
you. Then try to answer the questions below while thinking about how they relate to other
material we've covered.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Give 3-4 common reasons why some scientists and science students behave dishonestly in
conducting and reporting their research.
2. What mechanisms are currently in place to detect scientific misconduct? Are they adequate?
Why or why not?
3. What are the main differences between bright-field, dark-field, and phase-contrast
microscopy?
4. For each "Great Moment in Cell Biology": what was the main question or problem being
addressed? What were the methods used? What were the key results? What was the
conclusion? (You should be able to answer each question with at least a couple sentences of
information.)
5. What is the "cell theory"?
6. How prokaryotic cells similar to eukaryotic cells? How are they different?
7. What are the functions of the rough ER, smooth ER, chloroplasts, mitochondria, Golgi
complexes, lysosomes, peroxisomes, vesicles, vacuoles, and cell wall?
8. What is the approximate size of prokaryotic cells? Eukaryotic cells? Mitochondria?
Ribosomes? A typical protein molecule?
9. Why are cells so small?
10. Describe the general structure of viruses.
11. Describe the 2 basic types of viral infection.
12. What are van der Waals forces?
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Biology 212: Cell Biology
2-7-03
13. For carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins: be able to define, give their functions, and give
examples.
14. What are the differences between glycogen, starch, cellulose, and chitin?
15. What are the differences between saturated and unsaturated triacylglycerols?
16. When given the name of an amino acid, be able to describe its R group (according to the
categories I gave you).
17. Describe the four levels (1°, 2°, 3°, 4°) of protein structure. What bonds and forces are
important in each?
18. Be able to draw: a generic amino acid; glycerol. (These are the only structures I expect you
to be able to draw from memory so far.)
19. If given a picture, be able to recognize: a sugar; a polysaccharide; a fatty acid; a
triacylglycerol; a steroid; a phospholipid; histidine; proline; a protein.
20. Be able to calculate: distances in micrometers (if given them in centimeters, millimeters, or
nanometers); drawing magnification (if given an object's actual size and the size of the drawing).
21. Study the pre-quiz dataset … to be distributed very soon. (I'm sorry that it isn't quite
finished yet, but items 1-20 should keep you busy for a while….)
SAMPLE QUIZ QUESTIONS
Some types of questions that may appear on the quiz:
A. Multiple-choice (a.k.a. multiple-guess) questions.
e.g.: The diameter of a typical ribosome is approximately
(a) 300 picometers
(b) 30 nanometers
(c) 3 micrometers
(d) 300 micrometers
(e) 3 meters
[Note that it's not necessary to remember exact sizes, but an understanding of approximate sizes
is needed.]
B. Generic short-answer questions.
e.g.: What are the similarities between glycogen and starch?
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Biology 212: Cell Biology
2-7-03
[Note that a review question has been twisted around and asked in a different way. I do this a
lot.]
C. Interpret a picture or graph.
e.g.: In a living cell, can covalent bonds form between the molecule pictured below and other
molecules? How about ionic bonds? Van der Waals forces? Hydrophobic interactions?
-O
H H H H
H H H H H H H H H
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
O=C-C-C=C-C-C=C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-H
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
H
H H H H H H H H H H H H
D. Draw a picture or graph and explain it.
e.g.: Draw a biologically relevant molecule that is both an acid and a base. Label the acidic
part and the basic part.
E. True/false-explain.
e.g.: Explain why the following statement is false: "Cells can never be greater than a couple
millimeters in length because transport via diffusion is simply too slow over greater distances
than this."
F. Calculations.
e.g.: You've just drawn a cell you're observing under a microscope. In your drawing, the cell is
5 cm wide. The drawing magnification is 5000X. What is the actual size of the cell?
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