Download Unit Five Test Review

Unit Five Test Review
Name ________________________
Hour _____ Date _____________
Use your reading guides, power point lecture notes, flashcards/quizzes and lab handouts
to answer the following questions. Study!
1. Draw a cross-section of the earth’s interior. Label: crust, mantle, inner core, outer
core, lithosphere and asthenosphere. Indicate (as best you can) where most of the Earth’s
volume is located.
2. What does a P-wave travel through? An S-wave?
3. Explain how the behavior of seismic waves gives us an idea of the interior of the
Earth. (Be sure to discuss the behavior of both P and S waves in your explanation.)
4. Our “best guess” of the Earth’s interior contains some uncertainties. List and discuss
two.
5. Compare and contrast continental and oceanic crust.
6. Where do convection currents occur? Explain how temperature and density
differences create these currents.
7. Define slab-pull.
8. Define ridge-push.
9. Convection currents (thermal convection) that drive plate motion is caused by an
_____________ distribution of __________ .
10. Define whole-mantle convection AND deep-layer convection.
11. Explain our “best-guess” on how the Earth’s magnetic field is generated.
12. What are two uncertainties with our “best-guess” magnetic field explanations?
13. Lithospheric plates contain both ______________ and ______________ crust.
14. Define divergent boundary.
15. Define convergent boundary.
16. Define transform boundary.
17. Complete the following chart. Check features associated with each boundary.
Volcanic NonDeep
Mntns.
Volcanic E-Q
Mntns.
Shallow
E-Q
Rift
Subduction
Zones Zones
Convergent
(C-C)_
Convergent
(C-O)
Convergent
(O-O)
Divergent
Transform
18. Define hot spot.
19. Define seafloor spreading.
20. How do the following support seafloor spreading?
Magnetic Polarity:
Rock ages (distance from MOR):
20. Name three factors that plate tectonics CANNOT yet explain.
Trenches
Volcanic
Island
Arcs
Location
Example
21. Define Moho. What happens to the speed of seismic waves at this boundary? Why?
22. Define focus.
23. Define epicenter.
24. Define fault.
25. What does the Richter scale measure? Mercalli scale?
26. How is an earthquake’s epicenter determined?
27. Define locked faults. Why is this an important feature for seismologists to observe?
28. Define Elastic Rebound Theory.
29. How would an offset fence support the Elastic Rebound theory?
30. Where do most earthquakes occur?
31. Complete the following chart on earthquake occurrences.
How occurs
Landslides
Fire
Tsunamis
32. Define liquifaction.
Human implications
33. On average, lithospheric plates move
A. a few centimeters per year
B. a few inches per year
34. Define viscosity.
35. How does viscosity and gas composition impact the explosiveness of volcanoes?
36. How does the temperature of magma impact viscosity?
37. Complete the following table. Check the appropriate categories.
Cinder
Composite
Shield
Fluid
Basaltic
Magma
Violent
Quiet
38. Describe the shape of cinder cones.
39. Describe the shape of composite (strato) volcanoes.
40. Describe the shape of shield volcanoes.
41. Describe factors that determine quiet volcanic explosions.
42. Describe factors that determine violent volcanic explosions.
Highly
Viscous
Magma