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文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ 本文档下载自文库下载网,内容可能不完整,您可以点击以下网址继续阅读或下载: http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/f1929a1f10a6f524ccbf8585.html An Analysis of the Inevitable Tragic Fate of Character Macbeth (自动保存的) 朱小粉 0804402038 英语 2 班 An Analysis of the Inevitable Tragic Fate of Character Macbeth Abstract: From a beloved Scottish general to a ruthless killer of his own people, the cause of Macbeth?s downfall is complex. This essay principally analyzes how the factors that are both from the outside world, like three witches? prophecies and unhealthy influence of Lady Macbeth and the inner world of Macbeth himself exert an influence on the main character Macbeth. Although the allures from the outside world to some extent may be responsible for his downfall, it is his tragic flaw that finally leads him to an inevitable tragic fate. In this essay, influence from outside world and Macbeth?s main tragic flaw- ambition, lusting for more power will be discussed, but the main emphasis will be given to the latter. 摘要:从一个受人尊敬的苏格兰将军到毫无人性的杀人者,导致麦克白悲剧的原因是复杂的。 这篇文章主要分析来自外界影响因素,如三个女巫的预言,麦克白夫人和麦克白本人内部因 素给麦克白带来的影响。虽然来自外界的诱惑在一定程度上导致了麦克白的悲剧,但麦克白 本身的悲剧缺陷最终导致了自己悲剧的不可避免性。这篇文章将分析 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/f1929a1f10a6f524ccbf8585.html 外部因素以及麦克白的 文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ 主要悲剧缺陷----野心即对权力的渴望, 后者将被着重讨论。 Factors from the outside world lead to Macbeth’s inevitable tragedy On the one hand, Macbeth is a figure controlled by outside forces. First, three witches? prophecies have a great influence on Macbeth. They foretell that Macbeth will be promoted, then become king of Scottish and Banquo will become the father of later kings. When the first prophecy that he will become Thane of Cawdor proves true, the witches? prophecies have created a deep want for more power in Macbeth. Tempted by the second one, he gets immersed in his thought about how to realize it. Betrayal then occurs in his mind at this time and he is eager to become king. As a result, the weird sisters? words clearly prompt him into action to kill Duncan. However, according to the play, before Macbeth saw witches, it almost never occurs to him to become king. Thus, the incitement wihttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/f1929a1f10a6f524ccbf8585.htmltches that cause the in Macbeth?s mind stimulates him to become king and without the witches? prediction he might never have thought of murdering Duncan. After he becomes king, he fears that the third prophecy may come true and Banquo may pose threat to his position as he says “To be thus is nothing; But to be safety thus—Our fears in Banquo”. (ActIII.1.76-77). He then contrives to murder him and his son. From his conversion with three murders, we can see that his speech is becoming mean and his good nature is being lost. "There the grown serpent lies. The worm that's fled Hah nature that in time will venom breed, No teeth for the present. Get thee gone." (ActIII.4.92). In Act III, Macbeth?s confidence has changed for losing his mind on the banquet, which has made him afraid of losing everything. Then he comes to see witches who said “Beware Macduff" (ActIV.1.113), "None of woman born Shall harm Macbeth", "Macbeth shall never 文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ vanquishehttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/f1929a1f10a6f524ccbf8585.htmld be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill Shall come against him." (ActIV.1.114). Since both of these two events seem impossible, Macbeth feel overconfident. Following witches? words, he kills Macduff?s wife and son. When his army defected to join the English army, he feels consoled by the witches? prophesy. It goes without saying that three witches have a great effect on Macbeth?s mind. Considering his bravery mentioned at the beginning, he might have succeeded in his final battle. However, due to the influence of three witches, his tragic destiny is doomed. 2. The Influence of Lady Macbeth Second, Lady Macbeth is the driving force that encourages Macbeth to overcome his cowardice and strong sense of guilt. She is very ambitious, as shown by her immediate determination to make his husband become king when she reads his letter in the first act. This outcome will benefit http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/f1929a1f10a6f524ccbf8585.htmlher as well as her husband. While reading the letter, she at once concludes that “the fastest way” for Macbeth to become king is by murdering King Duncan. In scene 7 of the first act, we see a hesitant, nervous Macbeth with a calm and cruel lady Macbeth. She knows his husband well and thinks he may be too kind and dare not kill Duncan. In fact, when he waffles about murdering Duncan, it?s his ambitious wife who manipulates him by attacking his masculinity and his love for her. As she taunts him, she says, "When you durst do it, then you were a man"(Act1.7.42). “I have given suck, and know /How tender ?tis to love the babe 文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ that milks me:/ I would, while it was smiling in my face,/ Have pluck?d my nipple from his boneless guns, /And dash?d the brains out, had I so sworn as you/ Have done to this.” (Act1.7.42) We can imagine Lady Macbeth?s cruelty when she utters these words to her husband. In addition,http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/f1929a1f10a6f524ccbf8585.html Lady Macbeth is able to maintain her sanity and composure in public. When Macbeth sees Banquo?s ghost on the banquet and loses his mind, she creates an excuse to explain his odd behavior and rescues his husband from the frailty of his own conscience by again questioning his manhood. When the situation grows worse, she takes charge once more and promptly dismisses the lords from the feast. Under the influence of his wife, Macbeth finally embarks on a road of no return and becomes bloody. In a word, Lady Macbeth is a driving force behind her husband?s action. In fact, his strong sense of guilt implies that he would not have realized his ambitions without Lady Macbeth encouraging him. Macbeth’s Tragic Flaw leads him to the inevitable tragedy According to Aristotle, tragic flaw is inherent in the protagonist. Tragic flaws may include some flaws, like jealousy and overwhelming pride and finally lead thhttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/f1929a1f10a6f524ccbf8585.htmle main character to ruin. Though factors from the outside world play an important role in contributing to Macbeth?s inevitable tragedy, his own error—tragic flaw finally leads him to his fate. Macbeth?s tragic flaw is his “vaulting ambition”. Ambition is an earnest desire for some type of achievement or distinction, as power, honor, fame or wealth. Throughout the play, what Macbeth longs for is more power. When the third witch greets Macbeth with prophecy that he will become king, it creates an ambition in Macbeth 文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ that is unseen before this remark. He is filled with thoughts of betrayal and is eager to become King. And the ambition in him pushes him towards taking action. Actually, Macbeth has a mind of his own and acts according to his own free will. In the play, Macbeth deliberates about murdering and puts his plans into action. About the witches, they never say anything to him about murdering Duncan. In act I, whenhttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/f1929a1f10a6f524ccbf8585.html Macbeth first hears the weird sisters? prophesy, his thoughts immediately turns to “murder”. Therefore, perhaps Macbeth has had a murderous ambition inside him long before and three witches merely awaken it. "if chance will have me king, why chance may crown me without my stir," (Act1.3.20) He realizes that his only path to the throne would be to rid the kingdom of Duncan and his son. He shows a desire to do so, saying to himself, "That is a stepOn which I must fall down or else o'erleap...Let not light see my black and deep desires." (Act I.4.27). Although he already holds a high title, Macbeth still lusts for more. As to his fear and cowardice before murdering Duncan, it is common because no one can feel calm before they kill someone who enjoys the biggest power in their country. By mentioning this to audience, Shakespeare demonstrates us a man with blood and flesh. Once he murders Duncan, Macbeth becomes thttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/f1929a1f10a6f524ccbf8585.htmlo do willing anything necessary in a bid to secure his position of power. It also becomes easier and easier for him to commit heinous crimes. In the third act, without the influence of his wife, he carries out his plan to kill Banquo, refusing his intentions to her. After that, without thinking twice, he murders Macduff?s family. He gets bogged down in wrongdoings. “For mine own good, /All causes shall give way. I am in blood, /Stepp'd in so far that, should I wade no more, /Returning were as tedious as go o'er.” (ActIII.4.99-100). By comparing his actions to wading through 文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ a bloody river, Macbeth suggests that once a man commits a murderous act for his own gain, it is quite impossible to stop. Turning back would be “tedious.” His selfishness and ambition make him a hated tyrant. Macbeth?s ambition ends up controlling him, as symbolized in the "Dagger Soliloquy." In the play, his ambition spirals out of control and fhttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/f1929a1f10a6f524ccbf8585.htmlorces him to murder again and again to cover up his previous wrongdoings. As a result, his ambition leads the throne to him, but also his final demise. To sum up, Macbeth?s unavoidable tragic fate is partly due to the influence of three witches? prophecies and his ruthless wife. However, along with the development of the plot, Macbeth becomes a murderous tyrant forming a stark contrast with a kind and respected general at the beginning of the play. While outside world does affect him in some degree, it is his own flaw, dying for more power that gives rise to his final demise. If he can resist the temptation of power, even under the influence of the outside world, maybe he can still remain an upright and beloved general. References: 1. 刘瑛, 解析莎士比亚戏剧《麦克白》中麦克白悲命运的不可避免性[J],黑龙江教育学院 学报 2008 年第 27 卷第 2 期. 2. 贺祥麟,《麦克白》浅谈[M]. 西安:陕西人民出版社,1998. 3. 杨福, 论麦克白的性格特征[A], 吉林师范大学(人文社会科学版)2005 年 4 月第二期 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/f1929a1f10a6f524ccbf8585.html 4. 杨爱唐, 论麦克白夫人形象塑造, 湖北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)1996 年第 4 期 文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ 5. 莫运平,李经山,麦克白悲剧性发微,武汉大学学报(人文科学版)2003 年 02 期 文库下载网是专业的免费文档搜索与下载网站,提供行业资料,考试资料,教 学课件,学术论文,技术资料,研究报告,工作范文,资格考试,word 文档, 专业文献,应用文书,行业论文等文档搜索与文档下载,是您文档写作和查找 参考资料的必备网站。 文库下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ 上亿文档资料,等你来发现