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Fundamentals of Imaging Science “Seeing The Light” Homework Solutions Chapter 1 (P11): Wavelength is 3.5cm Chapter 1 (P12) Chapter 1 (P13) Fundamentals of Imaging Science “Seeing The Light” Homework Solutions (Page 2) Chapter 1 (PM2) 3.75 x 108 m Chapter 2 (P11) “WOW”, “MOM”, “TOT”, “TOOT”, “MAY”……………….. Chapter 2 (PH17) BEFORE AFTER Fundamentals of Imaging Science “Seeing The Light” Homework Solutions (Page 3) Chapter 12 (P1) (a) constructive (b) destructive (c) destructive (d) constructive Chapter 13 (P7) The man and the bread he is initially carrying represents incoming light (nonpolarized). The fence he is approaching represents a polarizer (or polarizing filter). With a polarizer, only parallel waves travel through therefore the fence acts like a polarizer and only lets in the incoming material that can fit through. Chapter 13 (P8) (a) Polarizing glasses only allow parallel light waves to pass through thus reducing the glare. (b) Regardless of the source for the incoming light, polarizing glasses only allow parallel light waves to pass through. Chapter 13 (P9) People who fish use polarizing sunglasses to reduce the glare from scattered sunlight reflecting off the water surface. Chapter 15 (P4) (a) 4 photons reflected, 96 photons transmitted (b) 0 photons reflected, 0 photons transmitted (Quantum Theory states that electromagnetic waves carry energy in discrete, whole number units called photons. You cannot have a partial photon) Chapter 5 (P1) 1. Both camera and eye are light tight boxes. 2. Camera and eye have lens systems that produce real images. 3. Diaphragm and aperture of camera corresponds to the iris and pupil of the eye. 4. The lens cover of a camera is like the eyelid of an eye. 5. The lens cloth of a camera is like the tear fluid in the eye. 6. The film of a camera is like the retina of the eye. Chapter 5 (P2) Accomodation is the changing of the focus of the eye as you look from distant to near objects. This is performed by relaxing or tensing the cilairy muscles which in turn cause the elastic eyelens to change shape. Chapter 5 (P3) The retina consists of the following layers: Photoreceptors: the light sensitive layer consisting of rods and cones which absorb light Plexiform layer: the nerve cells that process the signals from photoreceptors and relay them to the optic nerve Choroid: nourishes the retina and absorbs light to prevent reflection back to the rods and cones Fundamentals of Imaging Science “Seeing The Light” Homework Solutions (Page 4) Chapter 5 (P3)continued Chapter 7 (P1) Camera film and the retina of an eye are similar in that they both receive real images. They each contain photosensitive material along with an antihalation backing. Unlike film, the retina experiences latency (the receptors take some time to start responding) and persistence of response (the receptors keep responding). It is advantageous for the visual system to process information from the photoreceptors before it reaches the brain because this process allows information to be compared and analyzed. Duplicate information is not sent on therefore making the information system more efficient. This system is unlike the processing in photography in that the photographic process does not include this information filtering. Chapter 7 (P10) Lightness Constancy is when all objects appear to maintain their familiar lightnesses as the lighting changes. This is due to the fact that the retina responds to the ratio of the light from an object compared to that from its surroundings, and that ratio stays constant even though the overall illumination or your state of adaptation may change. Chapter 7 (P16) Eye movements are beneficial because if eyes did not move (retinal stabilization) the ganglion cells would desensitize and images would disappear. Also under retinal stabilization, edge information would not be available leading to image fading. Chapter 8 (P1) During accommodation the focal length of the eyelens changes. Relaxed ciliary muscles indicate a normal eyelens focused on a distant object. Stressed ciliary muscles indicate an attempt to focus on a nearby object. Relative distances can be determined by monitoring the stress applied to the ciliary muscles. Chapter 8 (P4) Left eye sees view (b) Chapter 10 (P2) (a) 650nm (b) 500nm and 600nm (c) No spectral complementaries for Martians Chapter 10 (P5) (a) Overlap of cone response is necessary to discriminate color. (b) Too much overlap of cone response curves can make it difficult to distinguish hues. Fundamentals of Imaging Science “Seeing The Light” Homework Solutions (Page 5) Chapter 10 (P9) (a) Psychological primaries are the 4 colors that are used to verbally describe all hues. (b) Blue, green, yellow, and red (c) Yellow-blue, and red-green (d) Unique hues are spectral hues that are described by just one psychological primary. For example: blue (475nm), green (500nm), and yellow (580nm) (e) There is no spectral unique red. Chapter 10 (P11) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Chapter 2 (P10) (a) (b) 3 2 3 1 3 Fundamentals of Imaging Science “Seeing The Light” Homework Solutions (Page 6) Chapter 3 (P6) Mirror on the left is convex. Mirror on the right is concave. Chapter 4 (P2) A simple camera consists of the following: Light tight box- allowing only desired light to fall onto film Lens- projects real image onto film Diaphragm- controls the light intensity Shutter- controls how long light falls on film Film- captures the image Chapter 4 (P4) Depth of Field is the range of object distances that result in an acceptable photograph for a given film location. Depth of field can be controlled in a camera by moving the lens. Chapter 4 (P6) (a) If f/5.6 at 1/100 second is recommended, to get the same amount of light energy reaching the film you can close down the aperture to f/11 and at the same time increase the exposure time two steps to 1/25 second. (b) f/4 at 1/200 second and f/8 at 1/50 second Chapter 4 (P11) Film 1 is faster. Chapter 4 (PM4) .5 to 44 Chapter 4 (PM5) 1/2000 at f/2 Chapter 11 (P1) (a) Three colors are used in color photography because they match the spectral response of the human eye. (b) blue, green, and red (c) Yes, they are the same for additive and for subtractive color film. Chapter 9 (P9) (a) Complementary colors are colors that additively combine to produce white. (b) Yellow 580nm and Blue 480nm Orange 600nm and Blue 488nm Chapter 9 (P10) (a) (b) (c) (d) Chapter 9 (P26) Blue to 1/7.5 at f/32 487nm no spectral compliment 493nm no spectral compliment to green (530nm)