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Kelly Ess Microbiology Assignment # 7 Dietary Changes to Gut Bacteria A new study suggests that dietary changes to the bacteria that lives inside our guts can have an impact on brain functioning. It has been shown that women who consume yogurt in their diet have made an impact on their brain function, as well as other benefits. Some yogurts contain a “good” bacteria, known as probiotics. In past studies, scientists have shown a gut-brain connection in terms of the brain sending signals to the gut. The new study shows that the gut could also send signals to the brain. This is the first study that has shown an interaction between a probiotic and the human brain. In future research, the scientists will be conducted a study that is more complex. For example, they will study the correlation between probiotics and irritable bowel syndrome and/or anxiety. During the study, researchers found that women who consumed the probiotic had changes in activity and certain brain regions. There are also studies to show that what we eat can alter the composition and products of the gut flora. Through past studies, they found that animals have also shown that altering gut bacteria can produce more anxious or bold characteristics. In 2011, there was a study done in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. They found that probiotics seemed to blunt physiological stress response and lowered levels of the stress hormone. So what it a probiotic? A probiotic is a live micro-organism. The most common microbes used as probiotics are lactaid acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Certain yeasts and bacilli can also be used. They are known for helping with the gastrointestinal system. It helps with the relief of bloating, inflammation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain or discomfort. Studies and theory’s pertaining to probiotics continue to be a part of research. They will continue their studies to come up with new evidence that these microorganisms are helpful to us versus harmful.