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Name:__________________________ Group:___________ Block:____________ Rana pipiens Dissection Assessment Sheet 3322 Directions: When you are ready to identify a group of organs (in the groups below), call your teacher over. Each individual member of each group must identify the organs. If an individual misses an organ, they must wait until the next circulation to identify that group again to receive credit. EXTERNAL ANATOMY Group 1: Directional Terms Dorsal______ Ventral______ Group 2: External Eye ____ Superior______ Inferior______ nictating membrane ______ tympanic membrane _____ External nares _____ Label the external anatomy diagram 1. Describe how a frog jumps. 2. Are the hind legs or forelegs more important in jumping? 3. Is the skin of the frog smooth or rough? 4. Is the skin of the frog moist or dry? 5. Describe the color of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of your frog. 6. How many digits (fingers) are on each of the frog’s hands? 7. How many digits are on each of the frog’s feet? 8. Is your frog male or female? How can you tell? 9. How are the feet of a frog adapted for swimming? 10. How is the coloration of the frog an adaptation to their habitat? 11. How is the location of the nares and adaptation to living in water? Group 3: Oral Cavity Internal nares_____ vomerine teeth ______ Eye sockets_____ Label the Diagram tongue _____ eustation tubes_____ Glottis _____ Maxillary teeth _____ 1. Where is the tongue attached to the mouth? 2. Where is the nictating membrane attached? 3. The tip of the tongues is very sticky. What would be an advantage of this? INTERNAL ANATOMY Cut/pinned properly (10 points) ____________ Do you have ovaries? ______________ If so carefully remove the eggs and put them in the waste container. Group 4: Digestive System Liver _____ Gallbladder _____ Stomach _____ 1. How many lobes does the liver contain? 2. What is the shape of the stomach? 3. Describe the mesentery that holds the intestines. Small intestines _____ Mesentery _____ Large intestines _____ Group: 5 Digestive System part 2 Espohagus _____ pancreas _____ spleen _____ Cloaca _____ Gullet opening ______ Anus _____ Go to the teacher’s desk and measure the length of the digestive system that has been laid out for you. Examine the stomach’s contents. 1. How long is the digestive system? 2. What do you note about the contents of the stomach? Group 6: Respiratory System Lungs ______ Trachea ______ Glottis ______ 1. What happens when air is pumped into the lungs? Group 7: Circulatory System Heart ______ Coronary Artery ______ Group 8: Urogential System Testes _____ Ovaries ______ Fat bodies ______ ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION Write a paragraph summarizing what you learned during this lab. In your discussion, list three adaptations that allow frogs to transition from living in the water to living on land. This should be in complete sentences and typed. Lab Extension: Answer each question, typed, on separate paper. This is the culminating activity of your Anatomy unit. You may include diagrams, but must also explain your thoughts in words. 1. Explain how the digestive system (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum) converts macromolecules from food into smaller molecules that can be used by cells for energy and for repair and growth. In your answer, describe the different parts of the digestive system, what type of digestion occurs there and how each contributes to gaining energy for growth and repair. 2. Explain how the circulatory system (heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, red blood cells) transports nutrients and oxygen to cells and removes cell wastes. Describe how the kidneys and the liver are closely associated with the circulatory system as they perform the excretory function of removing waste from the blood. In your answer, discuss how kidneys remove nitrogenous wastes, and how the liver removes many toxic compounds from blood. 3. Explain how the respiratory system (nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, alveoli) provides exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Include where gas exchange actually takes place and the role of the capillaries that rest on the alveoli. 4. Explain how the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, sensory neurons, motor neurons) mediates communication among different parts of the body and mediates the body’s interactions with the environment. Identify the basic unit of the nervous system, the neuron, and explain generally how it works. You may include a diagram in this answer to help you, but you also need to put your thoughts into words. 5. Explain how the muscular/skeletal system (skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles, bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons) works with other systems to support the body and allow for movement. Also include a brief discussion on how bones produce blood cells and how they work with the endocrine system in storing and releasing calcium. 6 Explain how the sexual reproductive system allows organisms to produce offspring that receive half of their genetic information from their mother and half from their father and that sexually produced offspring resemble, but are not identical to, either of their parents. Include in your answer, a brief overview of fertilization. 7. Discuss how communication between cells is required for coordination of body functions in reference to the nervous system and endocrine system. Explain how the nerves communicate with electrochemical signals, hormones circulate through the blood, and some cells produce signals to communicate only with nearby cells. 8 . Recognize that the body’s systems interact to maintain homeostasis. Describe the basic function of a negative feedback loop.