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CHAPTER 2 FORMAL OUTLINE
I. Ch. 2 Exploring the American - Why
1. Expanding the Horizons
a. Marco Polo – Book – 1295 – Inspired other to explore-inspired
Columbus – other explorers
b. Renaissance – 1400 Period of learning - discovery – New
Technologies- helped new exploration
c. Why Explore – GGG – Gold, Glory, Gospel = Religion
2. Powerful Nations Emerge
a. Nation-States – Powerful Countries – Develop outside own country
– Monarchies – (kings, queens) – Spain, Portugal, England, France
– Wanted to increase power Wealth
b. Looking for Route to ASIA – many riches
3. Technology
a. Astrolabe – tell direction from stars, Compass – new
b. Caravel – Better type of ship – carried more – traveled longer
distances
c. Advances helped sailors explore – new routes
d. Port – Spain – traveled – Asia Africa
4. African Kingdoms – Africa flourished – many trading goods
II. Section 2 - Seeking New Routes
1. Seeking new Trade Routes – Port leader in exploration – Henry the navigator
-set up school – more African trading – slaves began in 1400’s
2. B. Dias – 1487 – Explored southern tip of Africa – De Gama made it all the
way to India (Asia)
3. COLUMBUS Crosses Atlantic
a. Vikings – First to reach North America – Leif Errikson – year 1000
b. Spain And Columbus – Queen Isabella of Spain sponsored Colum –
1492 – 3 Ships (N,P,SM) – Oct spotted land and called it San
Salvador – Claimed it for Spain
c. Thought he was in Asia (India) Made 3 more voyages – Explored
Caribbean islands – Claimed all for Spain – Line of demarcation
split up area with Portugal
4. Amerigo Vespucci – (U.S named after him) Explored and mapped out
Coastline in 1499 – concluded North South America was continent and not
part of Asia – Called Continent America
III. Section 3 – Spanish Conquistador’s
1. Conquistadors – Spanish explorers settled in the Americas.
a. 1519 Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztec capital of
Tenochtitlan – Ruler – Montecuhzoma took prisoner
b. Pizarro – 1532 – Conquered Inca capital of Atahualpa –
c. How Conquistadors did it
1. More powerful Weapons - Guns, Cannons, Horses, Armor
2. No Immunity to European Diseases
2. Spain in North America (where we live)
a. Ponce De Leon – 1513 – Landed in Florida “fountain of
Youth” –
b. De Soto – Crossed Mississippi river
c. 1565 – St. Augustine – First Spanish Settlement
d. Spanish Settlements – Pueblos - Towns, Missions Religious, Presidios –Forts
e. Hierarchy – Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos, Native
American, Slaves – part of encomiendas – natives had to pay
taxes –
f. Bartolome De Las Casas – Priest, on Columbus second
voyage Condemned harsh treatment – wrote books – 1542
Spain forbade enslaving natives
g. Slaves – Spain Started Plantation System – 1500 started
importing Africans to be slaves, replace natives –
IV. Section 4 – Exploring North America (now Canada and USA)
1. Exploration of North America created rivalry between France and
England to start COLONIES –
2. MERCANTILISM – Theory – Nations power dependent on wealth,
land riches – economic oportunities
3. England established Colonies on the eastern coast of North America
– eventually became U.S.A.