Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Ecological - WordPress.com
Document related concepts
Transcript
FACTS FILE ECOLOGY 1.Volunteer plant 2.Hardpan 3.Competitive exclusion 4.General purpose genotype 5.Satellite species 6.Sentinel species 7.Top species 8.Energy budjet 9.Agenda 21 10.Carbon sinks 11.Evaporespiration 12.Forage 13.Biogeography 14.Cladogenesis 15.Detritus 16.Domestication 17.Ecological restoration 18.EIA 19.Gynodioecy FACTS FILE Plant that grows after a harvest without planting Soil impervious to roots and water Also called Gause principle - Species cannot co exist as long as they share same niche Genotype that provide adaptations to wide range of environments Species with in a community that are on the verge of extinction and periodically recolonise Used as indicators of environmental conditions Species at the end of food chain Balance between energy input and output Output of earth summit at Rio de Janeiro in june 1992. Environment and development – 27 principles to achieve the goal Plants – Remove CO2 from air and fix it in organic compounds Total water lost through evaporation from soil and transpiration Remains of plants and stock of plants – grasses , legumes . Used as animal food Pattern of distribution of plants and animals Production of new species from the sub species of ancestors Decomposing organic matter – Feeding animals Detrivores Historical and evolutionary changes in plants and animals brought under human household Return of an ecosystem to its original type Environmental Impact Assessment Population of both females and hermaphrodites GENERAL 1.Foramen of Magendie Median aperture of 4th ventricle of human brain 2.World diabetes day 14 th November 3.Limulus Arthropodan living fossil 4.Heloderma Only poisonous lizard 5. Average amount of Hb 14-15 g / 100 ml blood 6.Larva of star fish Bipinnaria 7.Preen gland Oil gland of bird to preen the feathers 8.Laurer’s canal Duct present in Liver fluke Fasciola 9.Rheovirus Virus with RNA as genetic material 10.Simlipal national park Orissa 11.Discovery of split genes Robert and Sharp 12.Father of Zoology Aristotle 13.Satellite DNA Highly repetitive part of DNA 14.Corpora allata Insect gland secreting Juvenile hormone – retains larval life 15.Mollusc without shell Octopus 16.Chloragogen cells Cells present in the intestine of earthworm analogous to liver 17.Placoid scales Scales of cartilage fishes – shark 18.Caprimulgus Bird hibernating in winter 19.Pangolin Mammal covered with horny scales 20.A fish without stomach Labeo 21.Who coined the term histology Meyer 22.A holocrine gland Sebaceous gland 23.Blood bank of body Spleen 24.Where myeloid tissue found Bone marrow 25.Ectodermal muscles Iris and ciliary muscles 26.Speed of muscle contraction 0.01 second Skeletal muscle 27.Cause of Leucopenia Deficiency of Vit B12 1 28.Bone in the eyelid of crocodile Os-palpebral 29.Vit.for the synthesis of Thromboplastin Vit.K 30.Who discovered Electrocardiogram Einthoven 31.Volkman’s canal Canal in the long bones of mammals 32.Acidic bile Bile of cats and dogs 33.Organ of Dumping syndrome Stomach 34.Cloacal respiration Turtle 35.Salt glands Eye glands of marine birds to excrete NaCl 36.Columnae carnae Ventricles of heart 37.Organellae in Ornithine cycle Mitochondria of Liver 38.Coeloplatyan vertebrae Centrum concave anteriorly and flat posteriorly 39.Dentist’s nerve Trigeminal – 5th cranial nerve 40.Name the hormone in Adrenalin synthesis Dopamine 41.Astigmatism Corrected by cylindrical lens 42.Hormone that stimulate Intestinal enzymes Enterokinin 43.Hassel’s corpuscles Cells of Thymus 44.Animal carries human protein gene Dolly – a Poll Dorest Lamb 45.Bulbo urethral gland Cowper’s gland of female Rabbit 46.W.Vogt Prepared fate map of gastrula FACTS FILE CIRCULATION 1.Largest Vein 2.Largest artery 3.Smallest blood vessel 4.Animal with highest BP 5.Vertebrate with White blood 6.Lung fish has 7.Frog has 8.Heart of fish 9.Animal without heart 10.Foramen Panizza 11.Weight of human heart 12.Coronory Angiography 13.Excess calcium 14.Papillary muscles 15.Keber’s gland 16.Insect with haemoglobin 17.Blood Worm 18.Vasa Vasorum 19.Largest heart 20.Tread Mill Test – TMT 21.Bicuspid and Tricuspid 22.Rh factor 23.Antibodies A and B 24.Cardiac index 25.William Harvey 26.Angiology 27.Cardiology 28.Arteriovenous heart inferior venacava Aorta Capillary Giraffe Antarctic fish Two auricles and one ventricle Two pairs of lymph hearts Venous heart Amphioxus and Nereis Present between the systemic arches of the heart Male – 300 Gm. Female – 250 Gm Used to detect blocks in the arteries Increases heart beat Present in the heart of mammals Pericardial gland present in Fresh water mussel Chironomus larva of Chironomus fly Chironomus larva Blood vessel gives blood to blood vessel Blue Whale Used to check the effieciency of heart Terms used for heart valves and crown of tooth Appears in foetus from 10th week Appears in foetus from 4-8th months after birth Minute volume per sq.m – 3.3 lit / min / sq.m Discovered blood circulation Study of blood vessels Study of heart Double circuilation Lung fish Amphibia , Reptiles, Birds , Mammals 2 29. Complete double circulation Birds , Mammals , Crocodile , Alligator , Gravialis 30.Coronary Sulcus Groove present on the surface of Heart 31.Right auricle Receives blood from – Superior and Inferior venacavae and Coronary sinus 32.Valve of Thebesius Present in coronary sinus 33.Tricuspid valve Between right auricle and right ventricle 34.Chordae tendinae Muscle fibers connectin valves to wall of ventricle 35.Semilunar valves Present in aorta 36.Wall of heart Outer Epicardium , Middle Myocardium – Inner Endocardium 37.Cardiac cycle Atrial systole + Ventricular systole + Joint diastole 38.Atrial systole 0.18 seconds 39.Atrial diastole 0.08 seconds 40.Ventricular systole Relaxation of atria and Cotraction of ventricle 41.Ventricular systole 0.3 seconds 42.Ventricular diastole 0.32 seconds 43.Joint diastole 0.4 seconds 44.Cardiac cycle 0.88 seconds 45.Dupp sound Closing of semilunar valves 46.Pulse pressure Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure – Normal value 40mm Hg 47.SA node Heart beat first originate – highest rate of rhythemicity 48.Normal heart rate 70-72 / sec. In male , 80 –82 in female and children 49.Cardiac output Blood pumped in to aorta per minute – 5 litres 50.Neurogenic heart Contraction originate from nerve ganglions present on heart Insect heart 51.Myogenic heart Contraction originate from the muscle ( pace makers – SA and AV Nodes ) present on the heart - Vertebrate heart 52.Pace Setter AV node 53.Bundle of His Conducting fibres between SA and AV nodes 54.Purkinje fibres Conducting fibres from Bundle of His to ventricle 55.Bradycardia Slow heart rate - 60 / minute 56.Tachycardia Increased heart rate – Above 72 / minute] 57.Blue baby Baby born with atrial or ventricular defect – Blue in colour due to venous blood 58.Heart rate More in old persons due to decreased elasticity of arteries 59.Epinephrine Increases heart beat – Tachycardia 60.Nor epinephrine Decreases heart rate – Bradycardia 61.Grave yard of RBC Spleen – destroy used RBC after 120 days 62.Cords of Billroth Blood spaces of Spleen 63.Diapedesis Amoeboid movement of WBC through blood capillary 64.Heart murmur Sound of heart due to defective valve 65.ESR Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate – Test to detect disease – Normal value 30. Increases in infections like T.B 66.Hepatic portal vein Gastric + Intestinal + Splenic veins 67.Artery Thick wall , Elastic , Contractile ,no valves 68.Veins Thin wall ,Non elastic ,Non contractile , Valved 69.Erythroblasts Mother cells of RBC – Present in bone marrow – nucleated 70.Erythropoiesis Formation of RBC – Folic acid , Iron essential –Occurs in red bone marrow of ribs , vertebrae , long bones 71.Erythropoetin Hormone stimulating RBC formation 72.Lymph glands Rich in WBC – destroy pathogens 73.Spleen Lymph gland – filter dead RBC from blood 74.Classical blood groups A,B,AB,O system – Introduced by Karl Landsteiner – 1900 75.Rh antigen Rhesus Factor – Identified in Rhesus macaca by Landsteiner and Weiner – 90 % people Rh positive – 10 % Rh negative Mismatching causes Erythroblastosis foetalis – No natural antibody for 3 76.Antigen 77.Antibody 78.Blood clotting factors 79.Factor VIII 80.Factor IX 81.Haemophilia 82.Buffer of blood 83.Pulse beat 84.Tricuspid valve 85.Bicuspid valve 86.Maximum heart beat 87.RBC – WBC ratio 88.Wall of vein 89.Endothelium 90.Conduction of heart beat 91.Blood vessel to diaphragm 92.Blood vessel to brain 93.Largest heart 94.Heart transplantation FACT FILE Rh antigen in the blood - Antibody develop by Isoimmunization when Rh Positive blood is transfused in to Rh negative blood. Takes six months Also called agglutinogen Also called agglutinin 12 numbers Anti haemophilic factor – AHF – absence causes Haemophilia A Absence causes Haemophilia B Royal disease ( found out in the family of queen Victoria ) Bleeders disease.Genotype – Hh / Hh Females are carriers – h / h male haemophilic – Male is Hemizygous – only one gene for haemophilia is sufficient to produce disease since male has only one X chromosome NaHCO3 –sodium bi carbonate Beat felt in arteries Found between right auricle and right ventricle Also called Mitral valve – between left auricle and ventricle Mouse 600 : 1 Tunica media Inner lining of blood capillary SA node – AV node – Bundle of His – Purkinje system – Ventricle Phernic Carotid artery Elephant Christian Bernard EXCRETION 1.Pyelonephritis 2.Nephritis 3.Polyuria 4.Uraemia 5.Alkaptonuria 6.Pyuria 7.Glycosuria 8.Haematuria 9.Anuria 10.Cystitis 11.Gout 12.Dysuria 13.Diuresis 14.Ammonotelic 15.Flame cells 16.Solenocytes 17.Exonephridia 18.Green glands 19.Organ of Bojanus 20.Dermal branchiae 21.Proboscis gland 22.Neural gland 23.Pygmalion capsule 24.Oedema 25.Kidney stone 26.Frog kidney 27.Mammals Inflamation in kidney Caused by Streptococci bacteria High output of urine High concentration of urea in blood Genetic disease – presence of alkaptone / homogentisic acid in urine – Urine is black in colour Presence of Pus in urine Glucose in urine Blood cells in urine Failure of kidney to produce urine Inflamation of urinary ladder High level of uric acid in blood – hereditary disease Painful urination Increased urine output Protozoa ,Sponges , coelenterates , Fishes , Aquatic vertebrates Excretory organs of platyhelminthes Excretory organs of Amphioxus Integumentary nephridia of earthworm Excretory organs of crustacea,Also called Antennal gland or coxal gland – prawn Keber’s gland – excretory organ of mollusk – mussel Excretory structures of echinodermata Excretory organ of Balanoglossus – Hemichordata Excretory organ of Urochordata – Herdmania Malpighian capsule – Bowmans capsule and Glomerulus Accumulation of water in the body in kidney disease Calcium oxalate , Calcium phosphate and uric acid Carries both urine and sperms Only animal that produce hypertonic urine 4 28.Beaver Has short loop of henle 29.Kangaroo rat Desert form – never drinks water – longest loop of henle 30.Angotensin – rennin system Hormones control urine production – Formed from blood vessels surrounding the kidney 31.Birds and snakes Lack urinary bladder 32.High threshold substances Reabsorbed completely.Glucose , Amino acids , Vit.C , Na Water – Threshold value of glucose is 180 mg / 100 ml 33.Low threshold substances Urea , Uric acid , Xanthin , Phosphate 34.Uricotelic Birds , Snakes ,Lizards , land snails , Terrestrial crustaceans, insects 35.Pronephric kidney Primitive kidney .Present in tadpole of frog 36.Mesonephric kidney In adult amphibia and in some fishes 37.Metanephric kidney Highly evolved – reptiles , birds , mammals 38.Mammalian right kidney Higher in position than left 39.Column of Bertini Extension of cortex of kidney in to medulla 40.Cortex Malpighian capsule , Proximal and distal tubule 41.Medulla Loop of Henle and Collecting tubule 42.Podocytes Cells present in bowmans capsule 43.Pars recta Terminal and non convoluted part of proximal tubule 44.Accessory excretory organs Lungs , skin , liver , large intestine 45.Ornithine cycle Operates in the mitochondria of liver cells 46.Krebs-Hanseleit Cycle Ornithine cycle 47.Ultrafiltration Passive process 48.Glomerular hypostatic pressure Pressure in glomerulus 49.Glomerular filtration pressure Difference between hypostatic pressure and all the other pressure in the glomerulus 50.Blood osmotic pressure Due to albumin 51.Non reabsorbed substances Creatine 52.Bright disease Nephritis 53.Urochrome Yellow pigment in urine – breakdown product of haemoglobin 54.pH of urine 6 55.Papillary duct of Bellini Narrow apex of pyramid 56.Filtration factor Ratio of GFR and RPF 57.Cl ion re absorption Diffusion 58.Diabetic patient Drinks more water because of glucose loss 59.Mammalian embryo Excretion through placenta FACTS FILE NERVOUS SYSTEM 1.Encephalon 2.Meningitis 3.Piamatter 4Reticular connective tissue 5 Duramatter 6 Fifth ventricle or pseudocoel 7 Cerebral cortex 8 Foremen of Monro 9 Paracoel 10 Diocoel 11 Aqueduct of sylvius 12 Liitle brain 13 Arbor vitae 14 Brain stem 15 Neurocoel 16 Craneal nerves Brain Inflamation of meninges – viral infection or increased production of cerebrospinal fluid Vascularised and nutritive Cells of arecanoide membrane Made up of fibrous connective tissue Cavity of corpus callosum Centre of highest sensation Connects lateral ventricle with third ventricle Lateral ventricle Third ventricle Iter- connection between third and fourth ventricle Cerebellum Branching of white matter in to grey matter in cerebellum Diencephalon+ mid brain + pons varolii+ medulla Central cannal of spinal cord 12 pairs in amniotes, 10 pairs in anamneotes 5 17 Cranial nerves of man Olfactory,optic,oculomotor,trochlear,trigeminal,abducens, facial,auditory,glossopharyngeal,vagus,spinal accessory hypoglossal 18 Cranial nerves 3 pairs sensory,5 pairs motor,4 pairs mixed 19 Cranial nerves Spinal accessory and hypoglossal absent in frog- present in man 20 Pavlov Discovered reflex action 21 Sympathetic nerves system Also called thoracicolumbar outflow 22 Acetyl choline Secreted by preganglionic nerves 23 Sympathin Secreted by post ganglionic nerve 24 Para sympathetic Also called Craneao sacral outflow 25 Threshhold or firing level Minimum streangth to initiate action potential 26 Refractory period Time for restoration of nerve fibre- 0. 001 second 27 Saltatory propagation Nod to nod jumping of impulses in myelinated nerves 28 Blood Brain Barrier Barrier between cereral blood and cerebro spinal fluid 29 Cybernetics Deals with neural and chemical integration of body 30 Pallium Roof of Paracoel 31 Cauda equina Also called filum terminale- terminal part of spinalcord 32 Somaesthetic area Also called post- centra larea- center for pain touch temp. 33 Eighth cranial nerve Goes to ear 34 Fifth cranial nerve Goes to jaw muscle 35 Broca’s area Speech control center- present in frontal lobe 36 Cereellum Only part of brain without ventricle 37 Brachial plexus Last four cervical and first thoracic spinal nerves 38 Auerbach plexus Network of nerves formed from vagus nerve & distribute on organs 39 Absolute refractory period Period between two nerve impulses 40 Genu & splenium Anterior and posterior ends of corpus callosum 41 Parkinson’s disease Lack of neurotransmitter dopamine 42 Pineal stalk Outgrowth from the roof of third ventricle 43 Resting potential 70 mv 44 Trigeminal Mandibular- largest cranial nerve 45 EEG Electro Encephalo Graph- used to measure brain waves 46 Vermis Large median lob cerebellum in mammals 47 IQ Ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100 48 Choroid plexus Secrete cerebro spinal fluid 49 Synaptic fatigue Due to more adrenaline 50 Spinal nerves of man 31 pairs- frog has 10 pairs 6
