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8th Grade –Social Studies – 3rd Benchmark 1 During the American Revolution, most Native American tribes supported whichever side promised to do which of the following? establish a Democratic Constitution A B C D 2 C D D C D C D Charleston Camden Sullivan's Island Fort Sullivan Eutaw Springs Camden What was unique about the signing of South Carolina's first Constitution? it remained the state Constitution for over a century A B 8th Grade They believe in the tactics, but not the cause, of the Royal Army They believe in the cause, but do not use the tactics, of the Royal Army Which South Carolina battle was considered a turning point during the American Revolution because it began a British retreat from the Upcountry? King's Mountain A B 6 the Continental Army Great Britain The first location in South Carolina that the British tried to capture during the American Revolution was which of the following? Cowpens A B 5 Native Americans Which of the following best describes the viewpoint of partisan soldiers, like Thomas Sumter and Francis Marion? They believe in the cause, but do not use the tactics, of the A Continental Army They believe in the tactics, but not the cause, of the Continental Army B C 4 end the practice of slavery settle the Western Frontier During the American Revolution, South Carolina Loyalists were "loyal" to which of the following? the Patriots A B 3 protect Native claims to land it took place before the issuing the Declaration of Independence Benchmark 3 Page 1 of 16 C D 7 After the capture of Charleston in May 1780, which of the following was a major defeat that proved to be the low point for the Continental Army during the Southern Campaign? the Battle of Camden A B C D 8 C D C D C D 8 Grade a Tory a Federalist a Loyalist they wanted the federal government to be eliminated they wanted the federal government to be strong they wanted the federal government to forgive all debts Residents from which area in South Carolina provided the most resistance to the new state government that was formed after the American Revolution? midlands A B th the Battle of Cowpens the Battle of Eutaw Springs Under the Articles of Confederation, which of the following was true about elite South Carolina leaders such as Charles Pinckney? they wanted the federal government to abolish slavery A B 10 the Battle of King's Mountain In the late 1700s, which of the following South Carolinians was most likely to support the powerful central government established by the newly written Constitution of the United States? a Democratic-Republican A B 9 it was unanimously approved in its first draft it took place after the Second Continental Congress coastal region lowcountry backcountry Benchmark 3 Page 2 of 16 11 The men pictured above signed the United States Constitution on September 17, 1787. However, South Carolina did not become an official state until which of the following took place? the British issued a formal surrender in the American Revolution A B C D 12 South Carolina held its first gubernatorial election representatives of South Carolina ratified the Constitution Like many other powerful men in the colonial era, the signers of the Declaration of Independence pictured above lived in which part of South Carolina? the Lowcountry A B C D 8th Grade George Washington was elected as the nation's first President the city of Columbia the Backcountry the Grand Strand Benchmark 3 Page 3 of 16 13 Which of the following was the main source of tension between Lowcountry and Upcountry in the late 18th century? different views about slave labor A B C D 14 D C D C D they wanted the Northern states to count slaves they wanted each slave to be counted as a "full" person one group opposed the government's authority to tax, one supported it one opposed a government that permitted immigration, one supported it one group opposed a government run by common people, one supported it Following both the Stono Rebellion of 1739 and the Denmark Vesey Plot in 1822, how did the plantation owners reacted? they passed more laws and restrictions to control slaves A B C D 8th Grade they wanted the term "slave" to be abolished As South Carolinians debated whether or not to ratify the Federal Constitution, the people of the state were divided mainly over which issue concerning government? one group opposed a strong central government, one supported it A B 17 it was connected with every other major city via railroad it was centrally located between the Backcountry and the Lowcountry Why did South Carolina not support the 3/5 Compromise when it came to determining the population of the states? they wanted slaves to be removed from the count A B 16 economic differences religious differences Which of the following was the most appealing geographical feature of the city of Columbia when it was chosen as the state's new capital city in the late 1700s? it was on much more suitable land than the swampy areas near A Charleston it had a higher elevation than any other large city in the state B C 15 different views about industry versus agriculture they temporarily suspended the practice of owning slaves they made it a requirement to send slave children to school they replaced many African slaves with Native American slaves Benchmark 3 Page 4 of 16 18 During the early 1800s, which of the following best explains why the plantation system that prospered in South Carolina also forced the state to rely on the institution of slavery? because it relied on techniques that originated in Africa A B C D 19 C D C D mining agriculture the cotton gin a threshing machine the steam engine As the above graph shows, cotton production in South Carolina increased greatly during the early 1800s. This trend was largely responsible for an increase in which of the following during that time period? A B C D 8th Grade manufacturing The graph above shows that at the turn of the 19th century there was a drastic increase in the amount of cotton harvested in South Carolina. This is largely due to the invention of which of the following? cottonseed oil A B 21 because it against the law to pay white men to work in agriculture because it was far more dangerous than work in an industrial factory During the 18th and early 19th centuries, the economy in South Carolina centered around which of the following? industry A B 20 because it required a tremendous amount of manual human labor the number of United States senators from South Carolina the number of factory workers in South Carolina the number of plantations growing indigo in South Carolina the number of African slaves in South Carolina Benchmark 3 Page 5 of 16 22 Definition: loyalty to a specific region or one area of the country, instead of the country as a whole Which of the following terms is being defined above? sectionalism A B C D 23 C D C D D 8th Grade supported the abolitionist movement benefitted agriculture taxation without representation the transition from agriculture to industry Native American citizenship After hearing President Andrew Jackson say, "Our Union, it must be preserved...", John C. Calhoun famously replied, “Our Union, next to our liberty, most dear..." What point was he making that was the general belief in South Carolina during the early 1830s? that holding the country together was the only way to defend A freedom that defending freedom would naturally hold the country together B C 26 blocked westward expansion All of the political and legal acts shown above revolved around which major issue of the early 1800s? the spread of slavery A B 25 imperialism globalism In the early 1800s, South Carolina differed from the northern states on many issues because its citizens were most likely to support the position that did which of the followings? promoted industry A B 24 nationalism that holding the country together was more important than defending freedom that defending freedom was more important than holding the country together As the nation expanded in the early 1800s, Southerners viewed which of the following as a threat to the institution of slavery? Immigrants A Benchmark 3 Page 6 of 16 B C D 27 Field Hands Southern Democrats Abolitionists Shown above is a list of political and legal acts of the mid-1800s. The arguments and controversy that resulted from these events prompted South Carolina to do which of the following in 1860? abolish slavery A B C D nullify a federal tariff move the capital from Charleston to Columbia secede from the Union 28 Most of the delegates to South Carolina's Secession Convention were strong believers in states' rights, which meant that they held which opinion? the rights of individual states should never conflict with the goals of A the federal government the rights of individual states should be determined by the federal B government the rights of individual states should take precedent over the federal C government the rights of individual states should be determined by all of the other D states 29 In the 1850s, a South Carolinian arguing that the state should secede from the Union would most likely hold which opinion? "the federal government should not interfere with states' rights" A B C D 8th Grade "an issue as important as slavery should be decided by the federal government" "slavery needs to end, and it will happen only if it is abolished by the federal government" "the federal government needs to expand to be effective" Benchmark 3 Page 7 of 16 30 Shown above is an example of an argument over secession that may have taken place in South Carolina in 1860. Which of the following correctly labels the South Carolinians who are speaking to each other? A B C D 31 B C D C D C D 8 Grade scalawags fire-eaters carpetbaggers abolitionists recruit African slaves to join the war cut off Confederate supply lines prevent the Confederate Army from heading North Why did General Sherman burn the city of Columbia? to convince SC to surrender - they were the first state to secede A B th #1=Cooperationist ; #2=Secessionist ; #3=Unionist #1=Unionist ; #2=Secessionist ; #3=Cooperationist During the Civil War, the primary goal of the Union Blockade on Charleston was to do which of the following? transport Union soldiers to the South A B 33 #1=Unionist ; #2=Cooperationist ; #3=Secessionist In the debate shown above, South Carolinian #2 says that there is "no other choice" except "to break away from the Union." In the year 1860, South Carolinians who held this radical position were known by which nickname? A 32 #1=Cooperationist ; #2=Unionist; #3=Secessionist to convince SC that they had won - they were the first state to secede to convince SC he was the winner - they were the first state to secede to begin his march through the South - they were the first state to Benchmark 3 Page 8 of 16 secede 34 Review the map of South Carolina shown above. During the Civil War, most of the significant events within the state that shaped the outcome of the war (including the Battle of Fort Sumter and the Union Blockade) took place around which part of the state? Area B A B C D 35 C D C D 8th Grade Letter B (including the city of Columbia) Letter C (including the city of Myrtle Beach) Letter D (including the city of Charleston) During the Civil War, President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation did not actually free very many slaves, since most slaves lived in the Confederate States (which were not controlled by Lincoln at the time). How did the Proclamation change the character of the war and the Union military? it enabled the North and South to begin peaceful negotiations A B 37 Area D Area A Following his infamous "March to the Sea", Union General Sherman took his troops through South Carolina and left a trail of destruction in the area labeled by which letter on the map above? Letter A (including the city of Greenville) A B 36 Area C it greatly improved racial relations in the Confederate states it freed slaves with every step of the Union Army in the confederate states it forced the South to pay former slaves reasonable wages What was the role of women in SC during the Civil War? Benchmark 3 Page 9 of 16 A B C D 38 C D C D D 8th Grade the impact of the Civil War on civilians the size of the Union Army compared to the Confederate Army the economic struggles of plantation owners after the Civil War helped many former slaves helped people relocating to the South helped teachers find jobs How was sharecropping different from slavery? a sharecropper worked the land in return for a place to stay and part A of the crop a sharecropper was homeless B C 41 they stayed behind to run the plantations they went to work in the factories What was a main purpose for the Freedmen's Bureau? helped confederate soldiers rebuild A B 40 they opened schools and churches The diary entry shown above can best be used to demonstrate which of the following? the hardships faced by African slaves during the Civil War A B 39 they banded together and built new villages a sharecropper could not go to school a sharecropper was punished more frequently Which amendment guaranteed no more slavery ever? Benchmark 3 Page 10 of 16 A B C D 42 C D C D C D C D carpetbaggers scalawags rebels white men could vote and elected African American men into office African American men could vote and elected women into office African American men could vote and elected whites into office they could go to school they could get a real job they could own a business With the new rights African Americans had, they also faced new hatred from groups such as which of the following? Red Scare A B 8th Grade plantation owners and government plantation owners and factory workers What new opportunity awaited African Americans for the first time? they could go to church A B 46 plantation owners and middle class Under the Constitution of 1868, what surprising event happened that angered many white citizens in SC? African American men could vote and elected themselves into office A B 45 15th 16th Southern farmers and others who tried to help the African Americans were called which of the following? yankees A B 44 14th What groups of people had a hard time with the African American's new found freedom? slave owners and lower class A B 43 13th Black Panthers Benchmark 3 Page 11 of 16 C D 47 What was the goal of Jim Crow Laws? A B C D 48 C D C D 8th Grade to maintain white supremacy to racially target and commit hate crimes to ridicule African Americans redeeming South Carolina from racial tensions redeeming South Carolina from the rule of the Republican Party redeeming South Carolina from its agricultural economy Pictured above is Wade Hampton, who was most likely to be supported by which group during the 1876 election for South Carolina's governor? African-Americans A B 50 to segregate African Americans and whites with laws At the end of the Reconstruction Era, supporters of Wade Hampton (pictured above) were known as "Redeemers" because they felt they were doing which of the following? redeeming South Carolina from the institution of slavery A B 49 Klu Klux Klan Yellow Fever Southern-Democrats Republicans Carpetbaggers During the industrial boom, what industry became huge in South Carolina? shipping A Benchmark 3 Page 12 of 16 B C D 51 C D 8th Grade textile mills cotton growing The graph above shows how people began moving from rural areas to urban areas beginning at the start of the 19th century. As this transition took place in South Carolina, the population in which area increased the fast? unsettled mountain regions A B 52 agriculture textile mill towns large plantations small farming communities Review the map shown above. In the late 1800s, the textile industry Benchmark 3 Page 13 of 16 began to thrive in which part of South Carolina as a result of its high cotton production and fast-flowing rivers? A B C D 53 Area B Area C Area D Which group of people continued to struggle in SC after Reconstruction and even formed their own political party to try to alleviate the stress? women A B C D 8th Grade Area A farmers government officials sharecroppers Benchmark 3 Page 14 of 16 Answer Key 8-2.4 1. b 8-2.4 2. d 8-2.4 3. a 8-3.1 14. d 8-3.2 15. d 8-3.2 16. a 17. a 8-2.5 4. b 8-4.1 8-4.2 8-2.5 5. a 8-4.1 18. b 8-2.6 6. b 8-4.1 19. d 8-2.5 7. a 8-4.1 20. b 8-2.6 8-3.2 8. c 8-4.1 21. d 8-4.2 22. a 8-2.6 9. c 8-4.2 23. d 8-2.6 10. d 8-4.2 8-4.3 24. a 8-4.3 25. d 8-4.3 26. d 8-4.3 27. d 8-2.6 8-3.2 8-2.3 8-3.1 th 8 Grade 11. 12. 13. d a c Benchmark 3 Page 15 of 16 8-4.4 28. 29. a 8-4.4 30. d 8-4.5 33. a 8-4.5 8-4.6 8-4.6 8-4.6 8-5.1 8-5.1 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 32. c 8-5.3 44. a 8-5.3 45. b 8-5.3 46. c 8-5.4 47. a 8-5.4 48. c 8-5.4 49. b 8-5.5 50. c 8-5.5 8-5.7 51. b 8-5.5 52. a 8-5.6 53. b c c b b a a 8-5.2 42. b 8th Grade 8-4.5 b 41. 43. b c 8-5.1 8-5.2 31. c 8-4.4 8-4.5 8-4.4 c Benchmark 3 Page 16 of 16