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12-06 The Pancreas Produces several hormones (we’ll discuss only 2) 1. Insulin- released when [glucose] blood gets too high Effects of insulin: Causes cells to increase glucose uptake (move glucose across cell membrane into the cytosol). – Cells burn more glucose Causes liver to convert glucose to glycogen 2. Glucagon- released when [glucose] blood gets too low. Effects of Glucagon: Causes cells to burn fat as fuel instead of glucose Causes liver to convert glycogen to glucose The Adrenal Gland- sits atop kidneys Adrenal Cortex produces 3 hormones that you are responsible for (all are steroid hormones) 1. Cortisol- released during times of stress (initiated by ACTH from pituitary) Causes cells to burn fat & amino acids, saves glucose Causes liver to convert glucose to glycogen Decrease immune system 2. Aldosterone- increases Na+ (sodium) reabsorption in kidneys (increase # of Na+ pumps & channels) (increase H2o reabsorption due to osmosis) Triggered by low blood volume and by decreased Na+ (osmolarity) of blood 3. Testosterone- needed for both men & women Effects metabolism, muscle & bone growth etc. Adrenal medulla- releases epinephrine released when sympathetic NS is activated. The reproductive system Male reproductive system