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THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (pp. 1031-1037) There are two systems that regulate the body. The nervous system relays information to the body using _electrical impulses_that travel very _quickly_, but the messages are short-lived. The endocrine system uses _hormones____, or _chemical_ messages that travel through the _blood____ to relay information to the body. The endocrine system is slower-acting, but the action of hormones is _longer lasting_. The _hypothalamus__, which maintains homeostasis in the body, controls most of the glands of the endocrine system. HORMONES OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM HORMONE Growth Hormone Thyroxine Insulin Glucagon Epinephrine (_Adrenaline_) Testosterone Estrogen/Progesterone GLAND Pituitary Gland Thyroid Pancreas EFFECT Stimulates _mitosis_; undersecretion results in _dwarfism__; oversecretion results in _gigantism_ Regulates __metabolism____; requires _iodine___ for normal function _Lowers________ blood _glucose___ concentration by stimulating cells to take up glucose; triggers storage of glucose as _glycogen______; not produced in individuals with _Type I Diabetes_____ __Increases______ blood glucose concentration by breaking down _glycogen_______ stored in liver to Pancreas glucose Known as _”fight or flight”________ hormone _Bronchioles___ dilate to increase air flow for _cellular respiration_____ Adrenal Glands _Glycogen_____ in the liver is broken down to glucose for _cellular respiration____ _Heart___ rate is increased Blood flow to the _skeletal__ muscles increases Blood flow to the _digestive____ system is decreased Triggers development of secondary sex characteristics; _meiosis_____ to produce Testes __haploid____ sperm cells. Triggers development of secondary sex characteristics; __meiosis______ to produce Ovaries __haploid_____ egg cells.