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Shakespeare: An Introduction Introduction Review of Standard Deviants DVD William Shakespeare Born in 1564 Died 1616 English Renaissance Elizabethan Era, Queen Elizabeth Creativity in culture and the arts Classic world, especially Roman Stratford-upon-Avon I Theatre Acting wasn’t a respectable position Lord Chamberlain’s Men Globe O 3 story wooden theatre with open roof Gallery Pit, groundings Extended stage Covered stage Tower Thatched roof King’s Men No women Theatre continued Shakespeare Shakespeare, writer, actor, shareholder Francis Bacon, author, philosopher, nobleman Comedies, histories, romances, tragedies 1592: plague, book-length 1590’s: sonnets 1603: King James Poetry: poetry Shakespeare’s Language concentrated language with rhythm and sound; verse Prose: language of everyday speech Poetry: A horse, a horse, my kingdom for a horse. Prose: I need a horse Meter: regular rhythmic pattern Blank Verse: unrhymed iambic pentameter Blank Verse Unrhymed: end of lines don’t rhyme iam: 1 unstressed syllable followed by 1 stressed Iambic: means the poetry contains iambs Pent= 5 Meter: reg. rhythmic pattern in lang. 5 iams Why? Why syllable. blank verse? Not every line is in perfect i. p. Not all written in poetry. He just did. It was common. The rhythm most closely resembles natural speech. How important is it? It will naturally be pleasing to the ea r . Elizabethan Drama 1. Importance of words Real life vs stage life Symbolic art Importance of Words Theatre was different No movies, surround sound, pop corn Not many props or scenery Stock costumes No elaborate lighting Audiences listened; they were used to stories and sermons listening to long Importance of Words Stock scenery No special effects Plays are primarily verbal and not visual and the words are used to convey to the audience the mood and tone. Modern audiences are more used to visual elements. Common Elizabethans didn’t speak this way. Real life vs Stage life We realize that the play is a fantasy. Modern theatre has blurred the lines. Movies suggest everything is real. Shakespeare’s play are always understood to be characters—not real people. They’re just figures that represent real people It must be in the play to be part of the character. How to know a character Analysis: 1. What the character says 2. What other characters say about them 3. What the characters do. Stick to the text Theatrical companies interpret the play by setting and dropping lines or characters. changing Aristotle Tragedy: imitation of an action 4th century BC, studied under Plato Developed logic, wrote about ethics, politics The Poetics: drama, including tragedy, is just of action (not real!) an imitation Symbolic Art Influenced by medieval art The halo on the saints’ heads represents goodness/holiness. The villain in the play represents all evil, he’s not just a bad person. Truth, beauty, justice, purity (universal themes)