Download AH100 - Medical Terminology

AHLT 100 - Medical Terminology
Chapter 14 – Gastroenterology; Digestive System
MAERB Outcome IV C 11: Define both medical terms and abbreviations related to all body
systems
Digestive System:
Also called:
 GI or ______________________________________tract

_________________________________ canal

Digestive Tract
ANATOMY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM:
Structures include:
Organs - mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Accessory organs - liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Mouth: also called the ___________________________ starts the process of digestion.
 Chewing and saliva break down the food and forms it into a soft mass called a
__________
 The food is swallowed and a wave-like muscular contractions move the food down the
__________________________
Stomach: (gastr/o)
 Muscular rings are located at the upper and lower ends of the stomach to allow the
food to stay in the stomach so that digestion can continue.
 The upper ring is called the __________________________________. It also
prevents food from moving back into the___________________________. The lower
muscular ring is called the ________________________________.

Food in the stomach mixes with ________________ and _______________ as
digestion proceeds
Small intestine:
 The small intestine is made up of 3 parts: the _______________________, the
__________________________, and the ________________________

As digested food moves through the small intestine, ___________________ are
absorbed into the _______________________________.
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Large intestine:
Parts of the large intestine:
1. _____________________________ – first part of the large intestine
2. ____________________________ – small worm-like structure hangs off the cecum
3. ___________________________- from the cecum, it goes up the right side of the
abdomen
4. At the liver it become the ______________________________- extends across the
abdomen. __________________________ flexure
5. At the spleen it becomes the ________________________________________ descends down the left side of the abdomen. _______________________ flexure
6. ____________________________________ - the last 1/3 of the descending colon
7. ___________________________ – at the end of the sigmoid colon – it stores the feces
8. ___________________________ – large intestine from the rectum to the anus
Liver: (hepat/o) produces ______________ or ______________ which is the soap of the body
because it breaks down fats.
Gallbladder: (cholecyst/o) stores _______________________
Pancreas: ( pancreat/o ) functions as a _____________________ organ and an
___________________________ gland
Word Part Focus for the Digestive System:
Word Root / Combining Forms:
abdomin/o
celi/o
an/o
append/o; appendic/o
bil/i
cec/o
cheil/o
chol/e
cholangi/o
cholecyst/o
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choledoch/o
col/o; colon/o
enter/o
esophag/o
gastr/o
gloss/o
lingu/o
hepat/o
ile/o
lapar/o
lip/o
lith/o; -lith
mastic/o
or/o
stomat/o
pancreat/o
peps/o; -pepsia
peritone/o
phag/o
pharyng/o
polyp/o
proct/o
pylor/o
rect/o
sial/o
Prefixes and suffixes: Make flash cards for this section.
endo-iasis
-pepsia
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-plasty
retro-(r)rhaphy
-scope
-scopy
-stomy
-tomy
-tripsy
Abbreviations: Make flash cards for this section
BE
BM
GERD
GI
IBD
IBS
N&V
NG
NPO
UGI
barium enema
bowel movement
gastroesophagal reflux disease
gastrointestinal
inflammatory bowel disease
irritable bowel syndrome
nausea and vomiting
nasogastric
nothing by mouth (nil per os)
upper gastrointestinal series
VOCABULARY REVIEW: Symptoms, Signs, and Diseases
anorexia nervosa
dysphagia
appendicitis
bulimia
cholecystitis
cholelithiasis
cirrhosis
adenocarcinoma
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constipation
diarrhea
dysentery
dyspepsia
dysphagia
enteritis
gastroesophageal reflux
disease
gingivitis
hematemesis
hepatitis
hiatal hernia
hyperemesis
jaundice
peritonitis
polyp
Steatorrhea
ulcerative colitis
Diagnostic Procedures:
Serum bilirubin
Barium Swallow (UGI)
(fecal) occult blood test
barium enema (BE)
Cholangiography
cholecystogram
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A blood test to assess liver function
Ingestion of a barium solution for an x-ray of the esophagus,
stomach and duodenum
A stool sample to test for bleeding in the GI tract
Installation of a barium solution into the rectum for an x-ray
of the large intestines
An x-ray of the bile ducts
An x-ray of the gall bladder
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Medical and Surgical Procedures:
appendectomy
cholescystectomy
colostomy
esophagoscopy
sigmoidoscopy
herniorrhaphy
gastroplasty
polypectomy
Drug Categories:
antacid
Hydrogen ion (H2)
blockers
Anti-emetic
laxative
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