Download Bone tissue vocabulary long version

Bone Tissue Vocabulary
Function of the Bones: Support; protection; movement; storage; & blood cell formation.
I. Using both your old & new textbooks write in the vocabulary word for these definitions. (Hint: Words are
in alphabetical order.)
1.
: where long bones articulate w/one another @ epiphyseal surfaces, the
bony surfaces are covered w/hyaline cartilage rather than periosteum.
2. Bone
: occur at sites of bone injury or where added bone strength is required.
3. Bone
: is accomplished by osteoclasts, which secrete lysosomal & perhaps
other catabolic enzymes onto the free bone surface. The osteoclasts may also phagocytize the matrix.
4.
Fracture: bone fragments into many pieces. Particularly common in the aged,
whose bones are more brittle.
5.
Bone: is dense & looks sooth & homogeneous. It’s riddled w/canals & passageways
serving as conduits for nerves, blood vessels, & lymphatic vessels.
6.
Fracture: broken ends of the bone protrude through soft tissue & the skin. More
serious than a simple Fx. & may result in a severe bone infection (osteomyelitis) requiring massive doses of
antibiotics. Sometimes called an open Fx.
7.
8.
Fracture: Bone is crushed. Common in porous bones ex. Osteoporotic bones.
: boney marking that’s a rounded articular projection that helps to form a joint.
9.
(boney
prominent that is a site of muscle attachment.
10.
): boney marking that’s a narrow ridge of one; usually
Fracture: broken bone portion is pressed inward. Typical of skull fracture.
11.
: the elongated shaft of a long bone
.
12.
: uses hyaline cartilage “bones” as models, or patterns, for bone
construction. Common in long & short bones. (endo=within; chondro=cartilage) Steps include 1 formation
of a bone collar around the hyaline cartilage model; 2 cavitation of the hyaline cartilage shaft; 3 invasion of
internal cavities by the periosteal bud & spongy bone formation; 4 formation of the medullary cavity; 5
ossification of the epiphyses.
13.
: Lines the medullary cavity of spongy bones.
14.
muscle attachment.
: boney marking that’s a raised area on or above a condyle that is a site of
15.
: the ends of a long bone, attached to the shaft.
16.
(boney
helps to form a joint.
17.
pass.
): boney marking that’s a smooth, nearly flat articular surface that
: boney marking that’s a narrow, slit-like opening that allows blood vessels & nerves to
18.
: are thin, flattened, & usually curved bones. They have 2 roughly parallel compact
bone surfaces, w/ a layer of spongy bone b/w them. The sternum, ribs, & most skull bones are flat bones.
19.
: boney marking that’s a round or oval opening through a bone that blood vessels &
nerves can pass through.
20.
: boney marking that’s a shallow, basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as
an articular surface that blood vessels & nerves can pass through.
21.
Fracture: bone breaks incompletely, much in the way a green twig breaks. Common
in children, whose bones have relatively more organic matrix & are more flexible then those of adults.
22.
through.
(boney
): boney marking that’s a furrow that blood vessels & nerves can pass
23.
: (also called osteon) is the structural unit of compact bone &
consists mostly of hard bone matrix arranged in concentric rings or lamellae, around a central canal, the
haversian canal, oriented along the long axis of the bone.
24.
(boney
help to form joints.
25.
): boney marking that’s a bony expansion carried on a narrow neck that
: blood filled swelling or blood clot.
26.
Fracture: broken bone ends are forced into each other. Commonly occurs when
1 falls & attempts to break the fall w/outstretched arms; also common in hip Fx.
27.
Ossification: results in the formation of flat bones & some irregular bones
including bone of the skull & the clavicles. Steps include: 1. formation of spongy bone w/in the fibrous
membrane; 2 formation of the periosteum; 3 formation of compact bone plates.
28.
Bones: consist mainly of spongy bone enclosed by thin layers of compact bone. Bones
that do not fit in one of the other bone categories are called irregular & include some skull bones, vertebrae,
& hip bones.
29.
: concentric rings in the haversian system.
30.
(boney
): boney marking that’s a narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest
that is a site of muscle attachment.
31.
Bones: are considerably longer than they are wide. A long bone consists of a shaft plus 2
heads. It is constructed primarily of compact bone, but may contain considerable amounts of spongy bone.
Include all bones of the limbs except the patella, & those of the wrist, & ankle. (exception to this is
metacarpals & metatarsals = long bones).
32.
: boney marking that’s a canal-like passageway that allows blood vessels & nerves to pass.
33.
Cavity: is the center space or cavity of the shaft of a bone & in adults contains fat or
yellow marrow & is also called the yellow bone marrow.
34.
35.
36.
: bone forming cells
: bone destroying cells. They are large multinucleated cells of uncertain origin.
: spider shaped mature bone cells that lie in small concavities or lacunae b/w the lamella.
37.
: the process of bone formation.
38.
: literally means “soft bones” & is a applied to a variety of disorders in
which the bones are inadequately mineralized. Usually due to a vitamin D deficiency.
39.
: the structural & functional unit of compact bone; also called a haversian system.
40.
: refers to a group of diseases in which bone reabsorption on the endosteal
surfaces outpaces bone deposit beneath the periosteum. The compact bone looks thinner & less dense & the
spongy bone has fewer trabeculae. Therefore there is a loss of bone mass which leads to possible Fx.
41.
Disease: characterized by excessive & abnormal bone reabsorption & formation.
Resulting in reduction in bone mineralization, & bone softening & weakness.
42.
43.
: dense connective tissue covering a bone.
: boney marking that’s an arm-like bar of bone. Projection that help to form joint.
44.
: this tissue promots hematopoiesis (blood cell formation) & typically
found w/in the cavities of spongy bone of long bones & in the diploe (region of spongy bone) of flat bones.
45.
: A type of osteomalacia most common in children, & is characterized w/ bowed
legs & a deformed pelvis, & malformities of the head & rib cage. Usually due to a vitamin D deficiency.
46.
Bone: are a special type of short bone embedded w/in a tendon or a joint capsule &
usually shaped like a sesame seed.
47.
Bones: are roughly cube-like & contain mostly spongy bone; compact bone provides just
their thin surface layer. The bones of the wrist & ankle are short bones.
48.
closed Fx.
Fracture: bone breaks cleanly, but does not penetrate the skin. Sometimes called a
49.
(boney
): boney marking that’s a cavity w/in a bone, filled w/air & lined
w/mucous membrane that allows blood vessels & nerves to pass.
50.
(boney
site of muscle attachment.
): boney marking that’s a sharp, slender, often pointed projection that is a
51.
Fracture: Ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a
bone. Common in sports Fx.
52.
or
Bone: is composed of small needlelike or flat pieces of bone
called trabeculae & has lots of open space. Looks poorly organized but actually the trabeculae reveals
where stress is exerted on the bone & helps the bone resist the stress as much as possible.
53.
: literally means little beams
54.
: boney marking that’s a very large, blunt, irregularly-shaped process that is a site
of muscle attachment. The only ex. Are on the femur.
55.
attachment.
: boney marking that’s a small rounded projection or process that is a site of muscle
56.
: boney marking that’s a large rounded projection; may be roughened that is a site
of muscle attachment.
57.
: a bone grows or remodels in response to the forces or stresses placed on it.