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Cell Cycle Notes Interphase Cell full size Cell growing Life activities 1. Removing wastes (lysosome) 2. Making proteins (ribosomes) 3. Cellular respiration (Mitochondria)- O2 energy + C02 4. Duplicate DNA and organelles in preparation for Mitosis Mitosis 1. Prophase Nuclear membrane breaks down Chromatin condenses into chromosomes Centrioles move apart towards poles 2. Metaphase Chromosomes line up along the middle Microtubules (spindle fiber) from Centrioles attach to the Centromeres Centrioles are at opposite ends (poles) of the cell 3. Anaphase Chromosome sets split Chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides by the spindle fibers from the Centrioles The spindle fibers shorten to pull the chromosomes by their Centromere. 4. Telophase Nuclear membrane reforms Cell membrane pinches in Chromosomes return to thread-like form called chromatin Cytokinesis Total separation of the parent cell into two daughter cells The fiber ring makes the final pinching off In plant cells a cell plate forms between the two new Nuclei. The plate then forms the cell membrane and then the new cell wall. DNA- Deoxyribonucleic acid is called chromatin when the DNA is in its loose form (thread-like). DNA when condense into the curled, compact form is called a chromosome. A chromatid is one of the 2 parental chromosomes. The chromatid from the father is paired with the chromatid from the mother by the Centromere. This is sometimes called a chromosomal pair. Gene: A section of DNA that codes for a protein. All these forms are DNA! A= Adenine C= Cytosine T=Thymine G= Guanine DNA