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Name_____________________________ 5th Grade Mid-Term Study Guide Nouns (pgs. 64-65; extra practice pg. 89) l. A noun is a word that names a _______________, a________________, or ________________. 2. Nouns can be two or more words. 3. Nouns can also name feeling, thoughts, and ideas. Examples: excitement knowledge anger Practice: (Circle the nouns) The picnic at the farm of our grandparents is in Kansas. Common and Proper Nouns (pgs. 66-67; extra practice pg. 90) l. A_________________noun names any person, place, or thing. 2. A _______________ noun names a specific or certain person, place, or thing. 3. Begin each important word in a proper noun with a capital letter. Practice: (Circle proper nouns; underline common nouns) Maria is an excellent ballerina. Singular and Plural Nouns (pgs. 70-71; extra practice pg.91) l. A________________noun names one person, place, or thing. 2. A_______________ noun names more than one person, place, or thing. 3. Form the plural of most nouns by adding –s or –es. More Plural Nouns (pgs. 72-73; extra practice pg. 92) l. For nouns that end in ch, sh, x, or s you add –es Examples: church-____________ bush-__________ box-________ dress-_________ 2. For nouns ending in –y and a vowel before the –y, just add –s Examples: monkey-_______________ toy-__________ 3. For nouns ending in –y and a consonant before the –y, change the –y to an –i and add -es Example: butterfly-________________ 4. For nouns that end in –f or –fe, change the f to v and add –es Examples: life-________________ calf_________________ 5. For nouns that end with a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) and o, add –s. Examples: radio_______________ studio_______________ 6. For nouns that end with a consonant and o, sometimes you add –s and sometimes you add –es Examples: piano_______________ tomato______________ 7. Some nouns change their spelling completely. Examples: foot_______________ 8. Some nouns do not change at all. Examples: deer______________ woman_______________ sheep________________ Singular Possessive Nouns (pgs. 74-75; extra practice pg. 93) l. A singular possessive noun shows that one person, place, or thing has or owns something. 2. To show possession, add an apostrophe (‘) and –s to a singular noun (‘s). Practice: the hat of the chef_______________________________ the roar of the lion_______________________________ Plural Possessive Nouns (pgs. 76-77; extra practice pg. 94) l. A plural possessive noun shows that more than one person, place, or thing own something. 2. If a plural noun ends in –s, add only an apostrophe after the –s (s’). Example: the books belonging to the students—the students’ books 3. If a plural noun does not end in –s, add an apostrophe (‘) and an –s (‘s) Example: the books belonging to the children—the children’s books Practice: the medals of the swimmers __________________________ the sports of the women______________________________ Action Verbs (pgs. 96-97; extra practice pg. 136) l. Words that show action or show what something is doing are called action verbs. Practice: I sent her a letter. The frog hopped into the creek. ____________ ____________ Direct Objects (pgs; 98-99; extra practice pg. 137) l. A word that receives the action of a verb is called a direct object. 2. Direct objects are either nouns or pronouns, they are found after the verb, and they answer the question what? or who? 3. First find the action verb and then ask what? or who? to find the direct object. Practice: Gwen carried the sails onto the boat._____________ I gathered small fish for bait. _____________ Main and Helping Verbs (pgs. 100-101; extra practice pg. 138) l. Sometimes a verb may have two parts. 2. The ____________ ______________ names the action of the sentence. 3. The ________ ________ does not show action and comes before the main verb. 4. Together the main verb and helping verb form a verb phrase. 5. Common helping verbs are: am are were shall has is was will have had Practice: Ryan is choosing a book. Our best teams were defeated. Linking Verbs (pgs. 102-103; extra practice pg. 139) l. Linking verbs do not show what something does. Instead, they show what something is. 2. Linking verbs join the subject to a describing or naming word in the predicate. 3. Common linking verbs are; am is are was were will be Practice: My school is brick. Dinosaurs are extinct. Tenses of Verbs (pgs. 104-109; extra practice pgs. 140-142) l. Present tense verbs show action that is happening now. 2. Past tense verbs show action that has already happened. 3. Future tense verbs show action that will happen in the future. Practice: She_____________in the classroom. (stay) past tense Pat _____________ the bill. (pay) present tense We________________ a good book next month. (read) future tense Adjectives (pgs. 152-153; extra practice pg. 174) l. An____________________is a word that describes a noun or a pronoun. 2. Adjectives can tell what kind. Ex. 3. Adjectives can also tell how many. 4. When two or more adjectives are next to each other, you should usually use a comma to separate them. Ex. Large, colorful parrots screeched. Practice: Male lions have thick manes They look proud and fierce. Articles and Demonstratives (pgs. 156-157; extra practice pg. 175) l. A, an, and the are special adjectives called ____________________. 2. A and an refer to any person, place, or thing. Use a before a singular noun starting with a consonant. Use an before a singular noun starting with a vowel. Ex. a jet a step an engine an hour 3. The refers to a specific person, place, or thing. 4. This, that, these, and those are__________________adjectives. They tell which one. Practice: I am having (a, an ) good visit in Boston. We are riding in one of (the, a) swan boats. Please hand me (that, those) mystery books. I will remember (this, those) day for a long time. Comparing with Adjectives (pgs. 158-159; extra practice pg. 176) l. Add –er to most adjectives to compare two nouns. 2. Add –est to most adjectives to compare more than two nouns. 3. Use more and most with adjectives that are longer (2 or more syllables). Practice: The first star is __________________than the second one. (bright) He is the ________________of them all. (tall) I am _______________________in my bed than on the couch. (comfortable) Comparing with good and bad (pgs. 160-161; extra practice pg. 171) l. Good and bad have special forms when comparing two or more things. 2. Memorize these forms for good: - when comparing two nouns use________________ - when comparing more than two nouns use__________________ 3. Memorize these forms for bad: - when comparing two nouns use__________________ - when comparing more than two nouns use________________ Practice: It is _______________than the Oak School band. (good) We are the _________________out of them all. (good) I am the ________________marcher of them all. (bad) The trumpet sounds________________than the flute. (bad) Proper Adjectives (pgs. 162-163; extra practice pg. 178) l. A proper adjective is formed from a proper noun. 2. A proper adjective is always capitalized. Ex. Italy_______________ Mexico_______________ 3. If the proper adjective is two words, capitalize both words. Practice: Paris is the __________________capital. (France) Bern is the __________________capital. (Switzerland) Figurative Language l. Simile- a comparison of two unlike things using like or as Ex. The calm girl is as cool as a cucumber. 2. Metaphor- a comparison of two unlike things not using like or as Ex. Sally is a skyscraper. 3. Personification- giving human qualities to something not human Ex. The sun smiled down on the town. 4. Alliteration- the same sound at the beginning of every word. Ex. Sally seems to sit somewhere separate from Sonia.