Download Blitzkrieg

Blitzkrieg (Lightning War)
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. "A Forgotten Suitcase: The Mantello Rescue Mission" Online Exhibitions.
http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/focus/mantello/
In the first phase of World War II in Europe, Germany sought to avoid a long war. Germany's strategy was
to defeat its opponents in a series of short campaigns. Germany quickly overran much of Europe and was
victorious for more than two years by relying on a new military tactic called the "Blitzkrieg" (lightning war).
Blitzkrieg tactics required the concentration of offensive weapons (such as tanks, planes, and artillery) along a
narrow front. These forces would drive a breach in enemy defenses, permitting armored tank divisions to
penetrate rapidly and roam freely behind enemy lines, causing shock and disorganization among the enemy
defenses. German air power prevented the enemy from adequately resupplying or redeploying forces and
thereby from sending reinforcements to seal breaches in the front. German forces could in turn encircle
opposing troops and force surrender.
Germany successfully used the Blitzkrieg tactic against Poland (attacked in September 1939), Denmark
(April 1940), Norway (April 1940), Belgium (May 1940), the Netherlands (May 1940), Luxembourg (May 1940),
France (May 1940), Yugoslavia (April 1941), and Greece (April 1941). Germany did not defeat Great Britain,
which was protected from German ground attack by the English Channel and the Royal Navy.
Despite the continuing war with Great Britain, German forces invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. At first,
the German Blitzkrieg seemed to succeed. Soviet forces were driven back more than 600 miles to the gates of
Moscow, with staggering losses. In December 1941, Hitler unilaterally declared war on the United States, which
consequently added its tremendous economic and military power to the coalition arrayed against him. A second
German offensive against the Soviet Union in 1942 brought German forces in the east to the shores of the
Volga River and the city of Stalingrad. However, the Soviet Union launched a counteroffensive in November
1942, trapping and destroying an entire German army at Stalingrad.
Germany proved unable to defeat the Soviet Union, which together with Great Britain and the United States
seized the initiative from Germany. Germany became embroiled in a long war, leading ultimately to its defeat in
May 1945.
A Polish town lies in ruins following the German invasion of Poland, which began on September 1, 1939.
— National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Md.