Download The Effect of Market Cap and Shares Outstanding on the Stock Price

The Effect of Market Cap and Shares Outstanding on the
Stock Price of the 30 Dow Jones Industrial Components1
Devin Velnoskey, Fordham College at Rose Hill, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458,
[email protected]
ABSTRACT
The effect of a company’s market capitalization and outstanding shares on the
stock price of the Dow Jones Industrial Components is an interesting relationship to
explore. The relationship between shares outstanding and the stock price has been
partially documented but with the inclusion of market capitalization the regression
analysis will consider a new variable, market cap, and its effect on the stock price of the
component when coupled with shares outstanding. In the model, the independent
variables are market capitalization2 (X) and shares outstanding3 (Z) while the dependent
variable is the stock price of the Dow component4 (Y). The analysis of these two
independent variables and their affect on stock price proves to be interesting and timely
due to the recent massive declines in the Dow Jones Industrial Average that some
attribute to a market operating in a sequence of total detachment from fundamentals,
which includes market capitalization and a stock’s shares outstanding.
The Effect of National Education Spending and GDP Per
Capita on the Infant Mortality Rate in 40 Randomly Selected
Countries
Maria Guadagno, Fordham CBA, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458,
[email protected]
ABSTRACT
The effect of national education spending and GDP per capita on infant mortality
is an important issue to explore, because even one infant death is too many. By exploring
the two independent variables: GDP per capita (X), and national education spending (Z),
we can ascertain to what extent these two factors play a role in a country’s infant
mortality rate (Y). This problem is interesting because it can highlight a link between
seemingly disparate factors and can potentially be beneficial to developing countries that
would like to see their infant mortality rate drop.
This term paper was submitted April 6th, 2009 in partial fulfillment of Professor Vinod’s Statistical
Decision Making course.
2
Found at www.cnbc.com by searching each Dow Component’s ticket symbol on a particular day in March
2009
3
Found at www.cnbc.com by searching each Dow Component’s ticket symbol
4
Found at www.cnbc.com by searching each Dow Component’s ticket symbol
1
The Effect of Total Population and Personal Income on
Foreign-Born Population from 1992-1998 in the United States
Zihao (Clark) Zhu, CBA5, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
The effect of total population and personal income on Foreign-Born Population in
the United States is a very important part to analysis when doing census. In this model,
the independent variables are U.S. Total Population6 (X) and U.S. Personal Income7 (Z),
the dependent variable is U.S. Foreign-Born Population8 (Y). This is an interesting
research topic, because there is a strong relation between U.S. Foreign-Born Population
and U.S. Total Population as well as U.S. Personal Income. This research will illustrate
the positive correlation between the dependent variable and the independent variables.
Testing the True Health of an Economy: Using R to Test Correlation
between Gross Domestic Product and Life Expectancy
Brandon Smith, Fordham College 9, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458,
E-Mail [email protected]
Abstract
In this paper I aim to test the claim that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is
synonymous with the physical health and standard of living of a country’s citizens. I do
so by testing the correlation of three variables in the twenty-five developed countries:
gross domestic product per capita (x), government healthcare spending per capita (z), and
life expectancy (y). The null hypothesis will be that variables x and z do not have a
strong positive relationship with y and the alternative hypothesis is that variables x any z
5
This term paper will be written in March/April 2009 in fulfillment of Statistical Decision Making course
by Prof. Vinod.
6
http://www.census.gov/popest/archives/1990s/nat-nativity-sum.txt Quarterly U.S. Total
Population from 1992 to 1998.
7
http://www.bea.gov/regional/sqpi/default.cfm?selTable=SQ1 Quarterly personal
income, millions of dollar, seasonally adjusted at annual rates.
8
http://www.census.gov/popest/archives/1990s/nat-nativity-sum.txt Quarterly U.S.
Foreign-Born Population from 1992 to 1998.
9
This paper was submitted April 2009 in partial fulfillment of Statistical Decision Making course by Prof.
Vinod
have a positive relationship with y. Finally, all data being used was collected by the
World Health Organization.
The Effect of Educational and Economic Prosperity on
Incidences of International Acts of Terrorism in 25 Countries
John Tully Gordon, FCRH*, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458,
[email protected]
Abstract
In order to aide in the prevention of terrorist attacks and inform defense
policymakers, it is necessary to investigate the connections between global educational
availability and economic prosperity, and to determine if these factors have directly
impacted the incidences of terrorism in their respective countries. In the model the
independent variables are literacy rate (X) to account for educational availability and
gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity per capita (Z) to represent
economic prosperity. The dependent variable is incidences of terrorism based on 25
individual countries (Y). This area of statistical research is interesting because it sheds
light on an issue that is often dogged by misconceptions, stereotypes, and false
information. Concrete data is necessary in the ongoing struggle against militant extremist
violence.
The Effect of Obesity and the Unemployment Rate on
Suicide in the US
Matt Cooper, CBA10, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, [email protected]
Abstract
The effect of obesity and unemployment on suicide is a very important and interesting
issue to study. It is important to research and see if connections can be made between
obesity and unemployment and more importantly if these two factors lead to an overall
effect on Suicide. In this model the independent variables are obesity (X) and
unemployment rate (Y). The dependant variable in this model is Suicide (Z). This study
is interesting because it can connect an increasing heath problem of obesity and the
unemployment rate which is increasing in this current economic environment, to the
problem of suicide in our American culture. This statistical study can further help to
This term paper was submitted on April 6, 2009, in fulfillment of Professor Vinod’s Statistical Decision
Making Course.
10
This term paper was submitted April 2009, in partial fulfillment of Statistical Decision Making course by
Prof. Vinod.
*
show people how Obesity and unemployment can aid in peoples decisions to commit
suicide.
The Effect of the National Unemployment Rate and the
Consumer Price Index on the Dow Jones Industrial Average
Patrick O’Leary, CBA11, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458,
[email protected]
Abstract
With the economy in turmoil and American citizens taking a major financial hit
during this recession, it is important to explore factors that contributed to and could act as
predictors for such an economic crisis. With both large and small businesses struggling to
stay afloat, the unemployment rate has increased dramatically. But despite less people
working and making money, the CPI indicates that the average price of goods has
actually risen. The Dow Jones Industrial Average is significant because it is an accurate
indicator of the health of the U.S. economy. This model will investigate the correlation
between the independent variables unemployment (X) and the CPI (Z), and their effect on
the dependant variable, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (Y).
The Effect of Literacy and Life Expectancy on the Birth Rate
in the 25 Wealthiest African Nations
James McGlinch, CBA12, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458,
[email protected]
Abstract
The effect of literacy and life expectancy on the birth rate is an important issue to
investigate with regards to developing nations. Finding the factors that influence the
birth rate, which has become an indicator of global development, is important because
without knowledge of which factors actually influence the birth rate foreign aid efforts
could be ineffective. In the model the independent variables are the literacy rate (X) and
life expectancy (Z) and the dependent variable is the birth rate (Y). This problem
addresses what is assumed about the health of a nation, represented by life expectancy,
11
This term paper was written on April 6, 2009 in partial fulfillment of Statistical Decision Making course
by Prof. Vinod.
This term paper will be written in March/April 2009 in partial fulfillment of Statistical
Decision Making course by Prof. Vinod
12
and education within a country, represented by the literacy rate, and how they affect its
development as a nation, represented by the birth rate.
The effects of Bank Prime Loans Rate and Unemployment
Rate
on the US Public Debt during from 1949 to 1980
Alexandre Catsicas, CBA13, Fordham University, Bronx, New York 10458,
[email protected]
Abstract
The public debt is an issue that every nation has to face. It can be considered as the
total nation’s debts; an indicator of how much public spending is financed by borrowing
instead of taxation, and which at the end, can be indirectly interpreted as a debt of the
citizens. In this work, we will explore the interesting effects of two different socioeconomic phenomenon such as the Bank Prime Loan Rate (X) and the Unemployment
Rate (Z), and the, try to see if their consequences can be related to the Public Debt of the
United States (Y) between 1949 and 1980.
Correlations Between Rank and Career Earnings In Women’s
Tennnis
Amy Wadyka, CBA*, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458,
[email protected]
Abstract
As with any profession, the amount one is paid depends on many different factors.
Education, work ethic, skills, and innovativeness are just a few factors that impact pay. In
sports and entertainment, there are even more ways to boost personal income. Beyond
just doing your decided profession, there are possibilities for endorsement deals and
branding that will bring in additional funds.
In tennis specifically, there are many things to consider when looking at an individuals
earnings. In my project, I will be looking at what impacts career pay for the top 25 ranked
13
This term paper will be written in March/April 2009 in partial fulfillment of Statistical Decision Making
course by Prof. Vinod
*
This term paper was submitted in April 2009 in partial fulfillment of Statistical Decision Making course
by Prof. Vinod
female tennis players. Important factors in analyzing career earnings (Y14) are the ranking
of the individual (X15) and what they are currently earning as prize money (Z16).
The Tradeoff between Consumer Price Index and the
Unemployment Rate in the context of changing Gross Domestic
Product
Nicole Dubé, CBA17, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458
[email protected]
In the midst of the credit crunch there have been series of trickling events that
seem to only worsen the recession. The Phillips Curve shows the inverse relationship
between Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Unemployment rate; it is one way to study
the effect on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). With the recent fast increasing layoffs
it is necessary to further study how unemployment along with the CPI affects the GDP
and what possibly, if trends continue, what GDP will be in the future. In the model the
independent variables are Unemployment Rate (x) and GDP (z) and the dependent
variable is CPI (y). This problem is interesting due to the current state of not only the US
but dominating economies around the world.
Effects of Teenage Pregnancy and High School Graduates on
Unemployment in the United States
Mary Cline, FCRH18, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458,
E-mail [email protected]
Abstract
As the economy has declined recently, it is crucial to explore the issues
surrounding unemployment since a high rate leads to an inefficient economy. It is
necessary to see if connections between teenage pregnancy and high school graduates can
be made, and more importantly if these factors lead to an overall effect on unemployment
14
http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/rankings?year=2009&type=2 ESPN Women’s professional tennis
15
http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/rankings?year=2009&type=2 ESPN Women’s professional tennis
16
http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/rankings?year=2009&type=2 ESPN Women’s professional tennis
17
This term paper will be written in March/April 2009 in partial fulfillment of Statistical Decision Making
course by Prof. Vinod
18
This term paper was written in April 2009 in partial fulfillment of the Statistical Decision Making course
by Professor Vinod.
in the United States. It is crucial to investigate possible causes of unemployment in order
to alleviate its problems. In this model, the independent variables are teenage pregnancy
(X) and high school graduates (Z) and the dependent variable is unemployment (Y). This
problem is interesting because it evaluates issues that many of us have faced, and it can
be related to something that affects our nation as a whole, unemployment.
The Effects of Unemployment and Inflation on GDP per
Capita
In The United States from 1966-2006
Rob Sliney, Fordham College Rose Hill19, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458,
[email protected]
Abstract
This paper will examine the correlation, if any, there is between unemployment
and inflation on GDP per Capita growth rates over the span of forty one years in the
United States. This will benefit anyone who is interested in how overall macroeconomic
factors contribute to the Gross Domestic Product per Capita. This is especially true of
those interested in today’s economic climate. In this term paper the independent variables
are CPI (Inflation) (X)20 and unemployment (Z)21 and the dependent variable is GDP Per
Capita Growth Rate(Y)22. In today’s rough economic times this information would be
valuable to anyone who would like to forecast inflation or unemployment rates if the
economy is weak or strong.
The Effect on Education and Unemployment have on Crime in
the
New York State
Justine Ayala, CBA23, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458,
[email protected]
19
This term paper will be written in March/April 2009 in partial fulfillment of Statistical Decision Making
course by Prof. Vinod
20
http://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/cpi/cpiai.txt
21
http://www.bls.gov/cps/prev_yrs.htm
22
http://earthtrends.wri.org/searchable_db/index.php?step=countries&ccID%5B%5D=5&cID%5B%5D=19
0&theme=5
Abstract
The effect of unemployment on crime is prominent in today’s economy. At the
same time a lack of education has an impact on the unemployment rate. Unemployment
is positively related to the crime rate in NYC. This makes most sense. If the
unemployment rate is up it would make sense that crime would be higher. People will do
desperate things when they do not have money to support them. Not only will there be
more burglaries but the longer the unemployment rate is high the more violent the crimes
will become. Therefore as the charts show it makes sense that as the unemployment rate
raised the crime rate rose. In the model the independent variables are unemployment (X)
and education (Z) and the dependent variable is crime(Y).
Batting Around the Money Ball
James Lynch, CBA24, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458,
[email protected]
Abstract
The impact on salary is dictated by many factors when talking about Major
League Baseball. In the midst of a recession it is interesting to see how members one of
America’s most beloved and a celebrated sports game is affected. This issue explores
how individual player performance and professional experience influence the overall
salary of each professional baseball player. In the model, the independent variables are
batting average (x)25 and years played (z)26 and the dependent variable is salary (y)27.
Salary is interesting because it is not only affected as a result of batting average and
experience, but also by hits, number of at-bats, stolen bases, player
popularity/personality, errors, and so on. Boston Red Sox second baseman Dustin
Pedroia has played professional baseball for three years with a salary of $457,000 in
200828, however this player received the most valuable player award. Furthermore, this
is an interesting topic because many teams are waning as a consequence of a crumbling
economy such as the Florida Marlins, whereas other teams have an influx of currency and
are able to buy new players and entertainment in the stadiums, such as the New York
Yankees.
Effect of Unemployment and Home Vacancy Have on Cigarette Sales
24
This term paper will be written in March/April 2009 in partial fulfillment of Statistical Decision Making
course by Prof. Vinod
25
http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/stats/batting?league=mlb MLB Player Database
26
http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/stats/batting?league=mlb MLB Player Database
27
http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/stats/batting?league=mlb MLB Player Database
28
http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/players/profile?playerId=6393 Dustin Pedroia Stats
Iris Platt, CBA, Fordham University29, Bronx, NY 10458,
E-mail [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Since smoking
cigarettes and second hand smoke cause lung cancer it is important to address what
causes people to smoke cigarettes. It is a well known myth that cigarettes supposedly
reduce stress. So it would be logical to think that such hardships such as unemployment
(Variable X), and Home Vacancy (Variable Z) would affect the sale of cigarettes
(Variable Y). The data being used has been collected from econmagic.com. The trends
that occur between these variables will be interesting to analyze considering the amount
of stress the recent economic condition is causing.
The Effects of Divorce and Single Parent Homes on
Median Income
Sarah Dudley, CBA30, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458,
[email protected]
ABSTRACT
The effects of divorce and single parent homes on median income is extremely
prevalent in this modern society where the nuclear family is becoming more difficult to
come by. With a rising percentage of marriages ending in divorce, one may question the
effects of it on a family’s income with the high costs associated with ending a marriage.
Single parent homes have a more direct relationship with financial hardship, as there is
only one person providing income. The independent variables are the single parent homes
(x) and the divorce rate (y) between1983 and 2008.. The dependent variable (z), or the
effect we are looking at is the median income in the US for both sexes and all races
between 1983 and 2008
Effects of Binge Drinking and Poor Living Conditions
on Students Attending College
29
This term paper will be written in March/April 2009s in partial fulfillment of Statistical Decision Making
course by Prof. Vinod
30
This term paper was written on March 30, 2009 in partial fulfillment of Statistical Decision Making
course by Professor Vinod.
Maeve Egan, CBA, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458
Email: [email protected]
Abstract:
This paper will be exploring the percentage of students attending college by state, and
how it is impacted by alcohol use and poor living conditions. In this model, the
independent variables are the percentage of residents who live below the poverty line
(x)1, and the percentage of residents by state who binge drink (z)2. The dependent
variable is the percent of students attending college by state ( y)3. This research is very
interesting because it shows how these two factors, which deal with the home
environment, may play a role in students’ ability to attend college. . Essentially we will
find whether alcohol and living conditions influence college attendance rates.
The Effects of Minorities and Income on Crime in the 25 Most
Populated States
Anna Messina, Fordham College31, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458
[email protected]
Abstract
Minorities in the US are an interesting group to explore because they encounter
different struggles. Why is it that African Americans only make up about 12% of the US
population, but occupy 60% of the incarcerated population32? The paper will examine
how income and diverse populations may help to explain why certain states have more
crime than other states. In the model, the independent variables are the minority
population33 (X) and median state income34 (Z), and the dependent variable is crime35
(Y). The model uses a sample of the 25 most populated states in the US in 2007. If the
variables have a causal relationship, then helping increase the income of minorities may
help to reduce crime.
The Effect of Unemployment and Education on Poverty in the
United States
31
This term paper was submitted April 2009 in fulfillment of Statistical Decision Making course by Prof.
Vinod.
32
Adler, Freda, and William Laufer. Criminal Justice: An Introduction. 4th ed. New York: McGraw Hill.
33
US Census Bureau, http://www.census.gov/popest/states/asrh/tables/SC-EST2007-04.xls
34
US Census Bureau , http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/statemedfaminc.html
35
US Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation,
http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2007/data/table_05.html
Margaret Ryan Daly, CBA36, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458
[email protected]
Abstract
One of the biggest problems facing the United States of America today is the
poverty level. With the recent recession, the government is increasingly concerned with
the well fare of its people. In order to help better understand poverty in the hopes of
finding a solution, we must explore the causes. Two potential causes of poverty in the
United States are unemployment and literacy levels. In the model, the independent
variables are (X) unemployment and (Z) education level and the dependent variable (Y)
poverty. This problem is interesting because as a nation we are continually aided other
poorer countries, yet we must also face our own poverty.
The Effects of Divorce and Single Parent Homes on Median Income
(From 1983-2008)
SARAH DUDLEY
[email protected]
ABSTRACT
I think that this topic is an interesting one, especially in today’s culture as it seems that
divorce rates and single parent home numbers are increasing steadily as time goes on. I
wonder if these living arrangements affect how much the family’s median income will
be. As a large number of the population does not live in the nuclear family structure, it
will be interesting to see if these homes prosper or lack when it comes to earnings. This
disadvantage could prove to be important in the promotion of topics such as abstinence,
safe sex, marriage laws and other similar topics.
A Comparison of Housing Vacancy Rates and the Variables that May Affect It
(Unemployment Rate and Ownership Rate)
Anthony Sabatino
[email protected]
Abstract: This paper will study the relationship between housing vacancy rates in the
US, unemployment rate, and homeownership rate from 1970-2009, looking at the data
semiannually (on January 1st and July 1st of each year). This study is relevant as the
housing market has been at the forefront of the news recently, as the “burst” of the
“housing bubble” precluded the current economic recession. Housing vacancy rates are
sometimes used as a general indicator of the overall prosperity of the country, and the
36
This term paper will be written in March/April 2009 in partial fulfillment of Statistical Decision Making
course by Prof. Vinod
current economic distress should lead one to look for the root causes behind the housing
vacancy rate, such as unemployment and trends in renter/owner percentage.