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For each statement or question, select the word or expression that best completes the statement or answers the question. (4 points each) ____ 1. The part of the spectrum that can be separated into rainbow-like colors is A. X-rays B. ultraviolet rays C. visible light rays D. infrared rays ____ 2. Which of the following has the shortest wavelength? A. X-rays B. ultraviolet rays C. visible light rays D. infrared rays ____ 3. A spectroscope is used to A. listen to radio waves B. view gamma ray images C. create microwaves D. split light into a spectrum ____ 4. Which of the following does not emit a continuous spectrum? A. glowing solid B. glowing liquid C. glowing thin gas D. hot, compressed gas ____ 5. What kind of spectrum is used to determine the composition of a stars outer layer? A. bright line B. continuous C. absorption D. emission ____ 6. If a star's spectral lines are shifted towards the red end of the spectrum, then the star is A. moving towards Earth B. moving away from Earth C. moving at the same rate as Earth D. none of the above ____ 7. To measure the redshift or blueshift of a star, astronomers use the star's spectrum and A. emission lines from reference elements on Earth B. emission lines from another star like Polaris C. the speed of the star as measured from photographs D. the brightness of the star ____ 8. Some constellations can only be seen during certain seasons because A. the moon revolves around Earth B. Earth's axis is tilted C. Earth revolves around the sun D. the stars move around the sun ____ 9. The constellation that contains the "pointer stars" used to locate Polaris is A. Canis Major B. Cassiopeia C. Orion D. Ursa Major ____ 10. An example of a winter constellation is A. Lyra B. Orion C. Cygnus D. Cassiopeia ____ 11. A light-year measures A. time B. distance C. speed D. energy ____ 12. The mass of a star can be measured by A. direct observation B. performing calculations based on other observations C. comparing its size to the sun's D. comparing its brightness to the sun's ____ 13. Two stars have the same temperature but are different sizes. Which of the following statements is true? A. The larger star is brighter. B. The smaller star is brighter. C. The stars have the same brightness. D. Their brightness cannot be compare without more data. ____ 14. Most stars are composed mainly of A. iron and titanium B. titanium and hydrogen C. hydrogen and helium D. helium and iron ____ 15. Red giants that lose their atmospheres leave faint, Earth-sized stars called A. Cepheid variables B. blue superiants C. white dwarfs D. proton stars ____ 16. Cepheid variable stars have been used to determine the A. ages of eclipsing binary stars B. distances to galaxies C. speed of visible light D. luminosity of red giant stars ____ 17. In the next stage of its life cycle, the sun is expected to become a A. red giant B. red dwarf C. supernova D. black hole ____ 18. Which objects are listed in order of scale from smallest to largest? A. sun, red giant, Earth, galaxy B. red giant, sun, galaxy, Earth C. Earth, sun, red giant, galaxy D. galaxy, Earth, sun, red giant ____ 19. The Milky Way is an example of a(n) A. spiral galaxy B. elliptical galaxy C. summer constellation D. winter constellation ____ 20. Active galaxies are thought to be powered by A. friction from condensing gases B. dark matter C. a central, supermassive black hole D. a giant pulsar ____ 21. The Milky Way, the Andromeda Galaxy, and the Magellanic Clouds are all members of A. our solar system B. our galaxy C. the Local Group D. the Virgo Cluster ____ 22. Which of the following is not evidence for the big bang theory? A. Hubble's discovery that the universe is expanding B. Cannon's development of a stellar classification system C. Penzias and Wilson's discovery of the cosmic background radiation D. COBE's measurements of the cosmic background radiation