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Brave New World Allusions Directions: All of the following items are important allusions to understand during the reading of Aldous Huxley's science fiction novel, Brave New World. Write a brief explanation or definition of each on a separate piece of paper. Use computers, dictionaries, other teachers, etc. to find your answers. Allusion:_____________________________ ____________________________ 1. Ivan Pavlov - Russian physiologist, discovered the conditioned reflex with dogs salivating at the sound of a bell 2. Sigmund Freud – Austrian creator of psychoanalysis, known for his terms “id,” “ego,” and “superego,” and for his belief that dreams revealed the unconscious 3. Friedrich Engels – German socialist who helped Karl Marx develop Marxism 4. Rothschild – European banking family 5. Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz – scientist who made important discoveries in physiology, optics and math 6. John B. Watson – psychologist/behaviorist, did experiments at first on animals then on children 7. Henry Ford – maker of first car – the Model T, developed the assembly line, paid his employees the high base-wage of $5/day (in 1914) 8. Herbert Hoover – 31st president of the US, was in office during Wall Street crash of 1929. Was blamed for the Great Depression. 9. J. Edgar Hoover – head of the FBI, turned it into a large, powerful agency. Captured many mobsters. After WWII, went after “communists” and put them on a “blacklist.” 10. Benito Mussolini – founder of Italian fascism and premier of Italy (1922 – 43). 11. Karl Marx – German economist and revolutionary who founded Marxism 12. Nikolai Lenin – head of Soviet government who founded Communism 13. Thomas Malthus – studied human population growth as it relates to human welfare 14. George Bernard Shaw – essayist and playwright 15. Eton College (place) – private secondary (high) school for boy in Eton, Berkshire, England – VERY prestigious (children are registered at birth!) 16. Thebes - Egypt (place) – capital of ancient Egypt. Home of several royal families from 11th dynasty 17. Babylon (place) – 1st millennium capital of southern Mesopotamia. Story of the Tower of Babel from the Bible 18. Odysseus of The Odyssey (character) – king of Ithaca, epic hero, lead Trojan War 19. Job of the Book of Job (person from the Bible) – chapter in Bible that explores the problem of suffering and God’s justice. 20. Pascal, Blaise – French thinker, scientist 21. Charing Cross (place) – one of London’s major traffic centers. 22. Westminster Abbey (place) – church where English sovereigns are crowned and (in the past) buried. 23. Big Ben (place) – great bell clock tower at the Houses of Parliament in London. 24. Romeo and Juliet – play by Shakespeare. Tragedy about unrequited love. 25. Miranda from The Tempest (character) – romantic comedy by Shakespeare; Miranda is wooed by a young man and Prospero relinquishes his power 26. Ariel from The Tempest (character) bound to serve the magician Prospero, who rescued him from the tree in which he was imprisoned, has magical powers and causes the tempest 27. Othello (play) – tragedy by Shakespeare; story of jealousy and revenge; Othello is made to believe his wife has cheated on him, O gets jealous and kills. 28. Desdemona, Othello (character) – Othello’s wife who is accused of cheating. 29. Hamlet (play and character) – tragedy by Shakespeare, tale of murder and revenge. 30. King Lear (play) – tragedy by Shakes. Tale of human frailty and folly. 31. Antony and Cleopatra (play and characters) – tragedy by Shakes. Antony is torn between his political role and his love – Cleopatra. 32. Mustapha by Greville– political tragedy in 1609 33. Courtly love – code of romantic love, always outside of wedlock and always a secret. In literature, a knight was his lady’s servant and would overcome any obstacle or undergo any suffering to win her. 34. William Shakespeare – poet, playwright, actor