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Advanced Placement Human Geography
CMS Summative Exam
2011 – 2012
Please select the best answer. Completely fill in the entire bubble on the answer sheet corresponding to
the answer you select. If you want to change an answer, be sure to completely erase the incorrect
response. You will have 90 minutes to complete this test.
1) The science of making maps is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
demography
cartography
topography
geomorphology
2) Every map projection has some degree of distortion because
A.
B.
C.
D.
A curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distorting curvature.
Parallels and meridians never cross at right angles on a globe
The grid system is three-dimensional but the earth is two-dimensional
The poles are 180 degrees apart
3) Which of the following statements is correct?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the larger the scale of the map, the larger the area it covers
the larger the scale of the map, the more generalized the data it portrays
the smaller the scale of the map, the larger the area it covers
the smaller the scale of the map, the more accurately can its content be portrayed
4) The visible imprint of human activity on the earth’s surface is known as:
A.
spatial interaction
B.
the cultural landscape
C.
the natural landscape
D.
human geography
5) Regionalization is to geography as
A.
B.
C.
D.
composition is to music
description is to literature
exploration is to geology
periodization is to history
Use the following statement to answer question 6 and 7.
Twenty-four specific objects transmit complex radio codes, including time signals traveling at the
speed of light. You can contact at least 4 of the 24 objects at any time of day or night.
6) The statement above refers to which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
GIS stations
NTMs for chart use
GPS satellites
GNIS entries
7) The technology described above allows the determination of which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Absolute location on the surface of the Earth
The amount of detail that can be shown on a topographic map
Distances from radio transmission towers and subsidiary satellite dishes
The number of layers that can be accommodated in a geographic information system
8) Physiological density is
A.
B.
C.
D.
the number of people per square mile of all available land.
the number of farmers per square mile of all available land.
the number of people per square mile of arable land.
the number of farmers per square mile of arable land.
9) Which country has a low arithmetic density, but a high physiological density?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Egypt.
United States.
Nigeria.
India.
10) The four major population clusters in the world include all of the following regions except
A.
B.
C.
D.
South America.
South Asia.
East Asia.
Europe.
11) What region of North America is most densely populated?
A.
B.
C.
D.
West Coast.
Northeast.
Upper Midwest.
Southeast.
12) Which statement about overpopulation is true?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Overpopulation is unlikely because food production potential is unlimited.
Overpopulation occurs when an area’s population is greater than its carrying capacity.
Overpopulation can only occur in less-developed areas.
Overpopulation is achieved when the physiological density reaches more than 1,000/km.
13) The highest Crude Birth Rates (CBR) in the world are found in
A.
B.
C.
D.
Latin America.
Middle East.
Sub-Saharan Africa.
Europe.
14) This is the measurement that shows the average number of people in an area’s population who are not
economically productive, who must be supported by the area’s economically productive population.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Employment Ratio.
Dependency Ratio.
Industrial Production Ratio.
Productive Class Ratio.
15) A country’s Total Fertility Rate is
A.
B.
C.
D.
the average number of children a woman can expect to give birth to during her lifetime.
the number of children who are born and survive past their first birthday.
the total number of children born per 1,000 population.
a theoretical maximum number of children a woman can bear.
16) The United Kingdom has a higher death rate than Costa Rica. This is due to the fact that
A.
B.
C.
D.
Costa Rica has a more modern health care system than the United Kingdom.
Costa Rica’s population is younger than the United Kingdom’s population.
the United Kingdom has a much higher infant mortality rate than Costa Rica.
the United Kingdom has many more incidences of industrial accidents than Costa Rica.
17) The Total Fertility Rate of the United States for 2008 was estimated to be 2.1. What does this mean
for the population of the United States?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The doubling time of the United States is about 35 years.
The United States is experiencing rapid natural increase.
population growth in the United States is due to migration and not natural increase.
The United States will experience population decline in the next 30 years.
18) Presently, most population growth in the world is occurring
A.
B.
C.
D.
in More Developed Countries (MDCs).
in Least Developed Countries (LDCs).
in Africa.
in the Western Hemisphere.
19) Thomas Malthus believed that
A.
B.
C.
D.
the government should encourage population growth in order to fully staff the factories being
built during the Industrial Age.
the world would soon be overpopulated because population grows at an exponential rate while
the food supply increases at an arithmetic rate.
the world would find new sources of food production to offset population growth.
population increase will continue because many religions discourage the use of contraceptives.
20) Continued high birth rates and rapidly declining death rates describe which stage of the
Demographic Transition Model?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Stage I
Stage II
Stage III
Stage IV
21) Reasons why governments promote anti-natalist population policies include
A.
B.
C.
D.
controlling the high population growth of a country.
preserving the culture of the country.
efforts to make women second-class citizens.
efforts to stimulate the economy of the area.
22) According to Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration, which group is most likely to move?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Older adults.
Young adults.
Children.
Families.
23) Which of the following is an example of a pull factor?
A.
B.
C.
D.
War or famine in the migrant’s country of origin.
Political persecution in a migrant’s homeland.
Religious persecution in a migrant’s chosen destination.
Plentiful jobs in the migrant’s chosen destination.
24) When a country suffers from a “brain drain” it means the country has experienced
A.
B.
C.
D.
an emigration of educated professionals.
an emigration of retired males.
an emigration of female executives.
an emigration of political leaders.
25) The idea that an environment influences, but does not strictly determine, how a culture interacts with
the environment is known as
A.
B.
C.
D.
environmental determinism.
cultural ecology.
cultural environmentalism.
cultural possibilism.
26) A single attribute of culture is called a
A.
B.
C.
D.
culture complex.
culture realm.
culture landscape.
culture trait.
27) The area of origin of a culture is called
A.
B.
C.
D.
cultural homeland.
culture hearth.
cultural landscape.
culture realm.
28) Cultural diffusion is
A.
B.
C.
D.
the idea that your own culture is superior to others.
the spread of culture traits from one group to another.
the isolation of a culture from the rest of the world.
the innovation of a cultural trait.
29) Which of the following is NOT an example of relocation diffusion?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The spread of Islam across North Africa and Southwest Asia.
The spread of English to the British Colonies.
The spread of AIDS to the United States.
The spread of Roman Catholicism to Latin America.
30) Nearly half of the people in the world speak a language from this language family.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Indo-European.
Japanese.
Germanic.
Niger-Congo.
31) A regional variant of a language is known as a
A.
B.
C.
D.
language branch.
language group.
language family.
language dialect.
32) A common language that is used among speakers of different languages for the purposes of trade and
commerce is called a
A.
B.
C.
D.
revived language.
lingua franca.
pidgin language.
creole language.
33) Which of the following religions is currently the most important religion in its area of origin?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Buddhism.
Christianity.
Hinduism.
Islam.
34) Which of the following would be considered a sacred site for Christians?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem.
The Kaaba in Makkah.
The Western Wall in Jerusalem.
Potala Palace in Lhasa.
35) Jerusalem is a sacred city for all of the following religions except
A.
B.
C.
D.
Judaism.
Christianity.
Islam.
Hinduism.
36) Popular Culture is characterized by all of the following except
A.
B.
C.
D.
quickly changing attributes.
homogeneous population.
urban population.
globalization.
37) All of the following are examples of folk cultural landscapes in the United States except?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Amish communities in Pennsylvania
Shopping malls and fast food restaurants
Log cabins in Appalachia.
Salt Box homes in New England.
38) African-Americans predominately live in
A.
B.
C.
D.
urban areas.
the South and northern US Cities.
rural areas of the South and Midwest.
urban areas in California.
39) What process contributes to the existence and growth of ethnic enclaves in urban areas?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Step migration.
Cultural integration.
Chain migration.
Cultural assimilation.
40) Which of the following is considered a State?
A.
B.
C.
D.
France.
Colorado.
British Columbia.
Sahel.
41) The exercise of state power over people and territory, and being recognized by other international
states, refers to
A.
B.
C.
D.
nationalism.
sovereignty.
citizenship.
imperialism.
42) Which of the following is an example of a nation seeking its own territory?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Mexicans.
Palestinians.
British.
Russians.
43) Which of the following states best fits the morphology description of a perforated state?
A.
B.
C.
D.
South Africa.
China.
Poland.
United Kingdom.
44) Which of the following states is an enclave?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Vatican City.
South Africa.
Italy.
Japan.
45) The boundaries on this island were drawn primarily to divide the Greeks from the Turks.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cyprus.
Australia.
Sri Lanka.
Indonesia.
46) Which type of boundary uses lines of latitude and longitude and not existing physical features?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Antecedent boundary.
Subsequent boundary.
Geometric boundary.
Relic boundary.
47) Which of the following ethnic groups is seeking self-determination?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Chechen.
English.
Mexican.
Chinese.
48) Which one of the following is the best example of a nation-state?
A.
B.
C.
D.
China.
Japan.
United Kingdom.
Switzerland.
49) This type of state has a centralized government and administration that exercises control equally
over all parts of the state?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Federal.
Unitary.
Regional.
Democratic.
50) All of the following tend to be centripetal forces within a country except
A.
B.
C.
D.
education system.
common language.
regionalism.
transportation system.
51) Which of the following states is not universally recognized as an independent state by the United
Nations?
A.
B.
C.
D.
South Africa.
South Korea.
Turkey.
Taiwan.
52) The presence of centrifugal forces within a country has lead many central governments to transfer
central government power to regional or local governments. This process is called
A.
B.
C.
D.
devolution.
autocratic.
imperialism.
capitalism.
53) Select the group that is not a supranational organization.
A.
B.
C.
D.
EU.
OPEC.
CIA.
NATO.
54) The process of redrawing voting district boundaries in order to give one political party or group an
electoral advantage is called
A.
B.
C.
D.
devolution.
gerrymandering.
political enclave.
popular sovereignty.
55) Agriculture is associated with the
A.
B.
C.
D.
secondary sector of the economy.
tertiary sector of the economy.
primary sector of the economy.
service sector of the economy.
56) The most practiced economic activity in the world is
A.
B.
C.
D.
commercial agriculture.
manufacturing.
providing a service.
intensive subsistence agriculture.
57) All of the following are aspects of commercial agriculture except
A.
B.
C.
D.
a heavy reliance on machinery.
there is little relationship to other businesses.
a small percentage of the workforce is engaged directly in agriculture.
the average size of farms is hundreds of acres.
58) Subsistence agriculture dominates in
A.
B.
C.
D.
less developed countries.
more developed countries.
mid-latitude climates.
newly-industrialized countries.
59) All of the following are types of subsistence agriculture except
A.
B.
C.
D.
pastoral nomadism.
truck farming.
shifting cultivation.
intensive rice farming.
60) The second agricultural revolution coincided with
A.
B.
C.
D.
the Enlightenment.
the Industrial Revolution.
Imperialism.
the first wave of European migration.
61) The agricultural practice most commonly associated with intensive subsistence agriculture is
A.
B.
C.
D.
paddy rice farming.
swidden agriculture.
plantation agriculture.
market gardening.
62) What geographic factor best explains why a piece of land is used intensively or extensively for
agriculture?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Soil quality.
Precipitation levels.
Distance to the market.
Climate zone
63) According to the von Thunen model, what cost does a commercial farmer most consider when
deciding what crops to plant?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Transportation costs.
Cost of labor
Transaction costs.
Cost of externalities.
64) According to the von Thunen model, what type of agricultural practice would locate in the outer
most concentric ring?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Dairy.
Cattle ranching and grazing.
Mixed crop and livestock feedlots
Vegetables
65) According to the von Thunen model, the first ring is used for
A.
B.
C.
D.
dairy.
forestry.
mixed crop and livestock.
grain farming.
66) The Green Revolution:
A.
B.
C.
D.
refers to rebellions of Third World peasant farmers
has made traditional peasant agricultural practices more secure and scientific
first occurred in Central and Western Europe beginning in the 16th Century
increases output through use of high-yielding crop varieties and altered management practices
67) The biotechnical agricultural revolution is best characterized by
A.
B.
C.
D.
the integration of crop rotation systems with technology.
the incorporation of genetically modified crops.
the use of integrated pest management.
the development of more palatable grains.
68) Boserup’s basic thesis with respect to population growth in cultures that practiced subsistence
agriculture was that
A.
B.
C.
D.
population increase would decimate local resources.
population increase would be accompanied by an increase in how intensely land would be used.
population increase would lead to out-migration.
population increase would lead to competition for limited resources.
69) The region with the lowest percent of the labor force directly engaged in agriculture is
A.
B.
C.
D.
North America.
Eastern Europe.
North Africa.
East Asia.
70) Which of the following best describes the overall global trend in agriculture?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The percent of people working in agriculture is declining and the productivity of farming is
decreasing.
The percent of people working in agriculture is declining and the productivity of farming is
increasing.
The percent of people working in agriculture is increasing and productivity of farming is
decreasing.
The percent of people working in agriculture is increasing and productivity of farming is
increasing.
71) According to the Human Development Index (HDI) which of the following would be considered a
social measurement of development?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Literacy rate.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Birth rate.
Life expectancy.
72) Using a global scale, which of the following regions would not be considered a major manufacturing
region during the 20th century?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Eastern China.
Northeast United States.
Western Europe.
Southern India.
73) Which of the following factors helps to explain why automobile manufacturing facilities are being
built in the Southern United States as opposed to the traditional locations of Michigan and other
states in the Midwest?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Increasing cost of automobile maintenance.
Workers in the South are less likely to join a union.
Increasing competition from cars produced in China.
The largest population clusters in the US are in the South.
74) Applying the Core-Periphery model, which of the following best describes the classification of
South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Core.
Periphery.
Resource frontier.
Semi-periphery.
75) Which of the following is typically NOT a characteristic of less developed countries?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Extreme disparities in income exist between rich and poor.
An increasing percentage of the population living in cities.
Large portions of the population engaged in agricultural activity.
Large portions of the population are highly skilled and educated.
76) Which of the following is an economic system with relatively simple technology on which people
produce most or all of the goods to satisfy their family’s needs?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Mixed.
Planned.
Subsistence.
Market.
77) Which of the following regions has the largest percent of the world’s petroleum reserves?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Southeast Asia.
Central America.
Southwest Asia.
North America.
78) Based on the concept of Wallerstein’s world-systems analysis, which of the following countries best
fits the description of Core in the early 21st century?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Afghanistan.
China.
Germany.
Nigeria.
79) Which of the following industries would most likely be market oriented?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Automobiles.
Threshing wheat.
Copper smelting.
Fish processing.
80) Which of the following industries would most likely be resource oriented?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Making concrete.
Fresh baked bread.
Paper production.
Bottling soft drinks.
81) Which of the following regions has the lowest overall Human Development Index (HDI) ranking?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Sub-Saharan Africa.
Latin America.
East Asia.
East Europe.
82) The North/South split of development as shown by the Brandt line generally asserts what factor?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Northern countries are poorer than Southern countries.
Western countries have greater influence and power than Eastern countries.
Northern countries are wealthier than southern countries.
At one point in history northern and southern countries were very similar in development but
because of political differences each region proceeded differently.
83) Rostow’s economic development model indicates that before high level economic development can
occur,
A.
B.
C.
D.
countries must have extensive resources and be part of the world’s free market economy.
countries must develop industries that are sustainable and do not negatively affect the environment.
primary sector employment must decrease and agricultural output increase.
countries must pass through predictable and sequential stages.
84) Most of the products that are produced in Maquiladoras are mainly sent to consumers in which
country?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Mexico.
China.
India.
United States.
85) The process of producing parts or products in a foreign country for domestic use or sale is known as?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Ecumene.
Peak value intersection.
Outsourcing.
Quaternary activities.
86) The process of settlement formation, expansion, and change is called
A.
B.
C.
D.
suburbanization.
urbanization.
post modern expansion.
city growth.
87) During the Industrial Revolution, what factor contributed the most to rapid urbanization?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The city was an economic pull.
The city was a political pull.
The city was an environmental pull.
The city was a cultural pull.
88) What is the population of the fourth largest city in a country where the rank-size rule applies if the
largest city is one million in population?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1,000,000.
750,000.
500,000.
250,000.
89) How has the composition of the world’s top ten most populated cities changed since 1950?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Least Developed Countries (LDC) cities make up a larger percentage of the top ten.
The percentage of LDC cities has declined since 1950.
More Developed Countries (MDC) cities in the top ten have grown substantially in size since 1950.
Since 1950 more MDC cities have moved into the top ten.
90) The economic expansion or contraction due to the introduction or loss of a major employer in a
particular location is called the
A.
B.
C.
D.
basic industrial sector.
the multiplier effect.
non-basic segment of the economy.
globalization of the economy.
91) Young single recent college graduates who move into distressed inner city neighborhoods and
refurbish their new residences would be an example of
A.
B.
C.
D.
blockbusting.
filtering.
gentrification.
white flight.
92) A city grows outward from a central location in a series of rings in the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Sector Model.
Multiple Nuclei Model.
von Thunen Model.
Concentric Zone Model.
93) In Hoyt’s Sector Model lower income neighborhoods are usually located
A.
B.
C.
D.
on the east side of the city.
adjacent to the industrial and transportation corridor.
north of the Central Business District (CBD).
in the first ring around the CBD.
94) Large cities develop many nodes around which different types of people and activities cluster. This
describes the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Peripheral Model.
Multiple Nuclei Model.
Sector Model.
Concentric Zone Model.
95) Which of the following models of urban structure depicts a commercial spine bordered by an elite
residential sector extending outward from the central business district?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Concentric zone
Multiple nuclei
Latin American city
Southeast Asian city
96) Annexation is
A.
B.
C.
D.
the process of removing underclass residents from inner city neighborhoods.
the process of wealthy individuals settling into neighborhoods near the CBD.
the process of establishing business parks in suburban communities.
the process of a city legally adding more land.
97) The identification of blighted urban neighborhoods and the subsequent removal of residents and
demolition of deteriorated buildings with the construction of new buildings, highways, and other
large construction projects is commonly known as
A.
B.
C.
D.
gentrification.
urban rezoning.
urban renewal.
smart growth.
98) Unrestricted low-density development of residential and commercial activities over a large expanse
of land is
A.
B.
C.
D.
sprawl.
new urbanism.
transit oriented development.
smart growth.
99) All of the following are negative environmental consequences of suburban sprawl except
A.
B.
C.
D.
increased air pollution.
increased green belts.
increased traffic congestion.
loss of prime agricultural land.
100)
All of the following are reasons for the rise of suburban development in the 1950s EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
the building of interstate highways
better public transportation
the desire for more space
prefab construction methods
AP Human Geography Summative Exam:
Answer Key
1. B
35. D
69. A
2. A
36. B
70. B
3. C
37. B
71. A
4. B
38. B
72. D
5. D
39. C
73. B
6. C
40. A
74. D
7. A
41. B
75. D
8. C
42. B
76. C
9. A
43. A
77. C
10. A
44. A
78. C
11. B
45. A
79. A
12. B
46. C
80. C
13. C
47. A
81. A
14. B
48. B
82. C
15. A
49. B
83. D
16. B
50. C
84. D
17. C
51. D
85. C
18. B
52. A
86. B
19. B
53. C
87. A
20. B
54. B
88. D
21. A
55. C
89. A
22. B
56. D
90. B
23. D
57. B
91. C
24. A
58. A
92. D
25. D
59. B
93. B
26. D
60. B
94. B
27. B
61. A
95. C
28. B
62. C
96. D
29. A
63. A
97. C
30. A
64. B
98. A
31. D
65. A
99. B
32. B
66. D
100.
33. D
67. B
34. A
68. B
B