Download Chapter 9: "An Agrarian Republic" - AP United States History

A.P. U.S. History Notes
Chapter 9: "An Agrarian Republic"
Summary:
By the beginning of the 1800s the United States was full of national pride and energy, but its place in the
world was still not certain due to its situation on the North American Continent. Most people lived on farms.
Population grew from 3.9 million to 5.3 million. Migration was a Great factor in the growth. Other colonies on the
continent were the Spanish colonies, Haiti and the Caribbean, British North America, Russian America. Within the
United States itself were Trans-Appalachia: Cincinnati, and the Atlantic Ports, from Charleston to Boston.
In the 1800s the U.S was a producer of raw material, and agricultural predominantly rural. 94 of 100
Americans lived in communities of fewer than 2500 people. 4 out of 5 families farmed land following the century
old traditions such as hand tools, draft animals, and producing most of their own food and fiber. The restrictions on
American Commerce had little impact on the trade, and it began to boom during the colonial era and centered in the
Atlantic ports.
Jefferson was elected president in 1801, he dreamt of a Republican Agrarianism, nation of small families
clustered in rural communities, though his wish was never granted. His way of expansion pushed Indians out of the
white settlers' way. He was a Federalist, who ensured a republic of virtue, and belief in a program of simplicity and
frugality, he cut all internal taxes; reducing size of armies, navy and government staff to eliminate national debt. His
first serve in office saw the Marbury v. Madison Case that deemed the judicial review an unconstitutional part of the
judiciary act of 1789.
Jefferson made an ironic decision in office to purchase the Louisiana Territory. Ironic due to his belief in
strict constitution, and lack of them in implied powers. He made this decision after promising he was go to negotiate
land it was said he were to spend no more than $10million than if necessary or to buy New Orleans for $2 million.
Jefferson proceeded to purchase this territory for $15million from Napoleon. With this purchase he more than
doubled the size of America. This purchase led to questioning on how to treat the French and Spanish inhabitants of
this territory. Mutual adaptation was difficult for both sides, however the admitting of states and not cites was an
example that illustrated flexibility possible under the federal system.
How to deal with foreign affairs was a difficult decisions Jefferson was forced to make. Jefferson first
policy was, "peace, commerce and honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none," however after
the start up of the Napoleonic wars neutrality was a lost cause. Jefferson passed the Embargo act when all else had
failed. This act had no effect on intended victims. In contrast it lead to American ships being seized by French
claiming to think that American ships were British in disguise , while Britain formed New merchants in South
America. The act was practically mocked by many and Jefferson was forced to admit the failure, and drop the act.
Jefferson's Indian policy was to civilize them, was another failed plan of Jefferson. He didn't slow the
expansion of white settlers and dieses westward that killed of many Indians; he supplied little hope for the natives.
This small amount of hope angered Indians, they didn't like the idea of being Americanized, killed off, their land
stolen and mistreated. They began to resist. The first resentment was lead by Techumson, now known as the PanIndian military resistance movement that united the tribes against the whites.
War of 1812; war starting in June of 1812 to January of 1815 that was fought between Britain and the U.S
over British restrictions on American shipping. This war was ended by Treaty of Ghent in December 1814, before
the last-now deemed pointless- battle of the war, Battle of New Orleans.
Election of 1816 marked the end of the Virginia Dynasty, the year James Monroe entered office. He
received an enthusiastic welcoming that was dubbed the era of good feeling. He supported the American systemthree factors being banks, tariffs, and roads- and saw the chartering of the Second bank of the U.S in 1816, located
in Philadelphia. Many Farmers distrusted the bank. The era of good feeling can be all traced to one man, John
Quincy Adams, Secretary of Monroe, due to how he took upon the task of tidying up the borders and made efforts in
the Rush Baggot Treaty of 1817, Transcontinental treaty of 1819 and the Monroe Doctrine. This era was interrupted
with the panic of 1819, a delayed reaction to the war of 1812, the Napoleonic wars, and the American shipping
boom coming to an end, but continued to last until 1823.
Missouri Compromise admitted MO as a slave state and ME as a free stated and prohibited slavery noth of
the 36 30' latitude line.
Important People
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Jefferson- 3rd president, Federalist-strict constitution, wanted a Republic Agrarian, and purchased
Louisiana.
Lewis and Clark-Appointed by Jefferson to explore the new lands, make maps and peace treaties. Followed
the MO River. They were helped by Sacagawea.
Napoleon- sold the territory to Jefferson for 15million, conquered much of the European lands
Techumseh-brought tribes together to resist against whites.
War hawks- Members of congress predominantly from the south and west, who aggressively pushed for a
war against Britain after their election in 1810; Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun
Key terms and words
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Marbury v. Madison- supreme Court decision of 1803 that created the precedent of judicial review by
ruling as unconstitutional part of the Judiciary Act of 1789
Embargo Act- Act passed by congress in 1807 prohibiting American ships from leaving for any foreign
ports.
Pan-Indian military resistance movement- Movement calling for the political and cultural unification of
Indian tribes in the late 18th century and early 19th century
War hawks- Members of congress predominantly from the south and west, who aggressively pushed for a
war against Britain after their election in 1810.
War of 1812-war fought between the U.S and Britain from June 1812 to January 1815 largely over British
restriction on American shipping.
Battle of New Orleans- Decisive American war of 1812 victory over British troops in January 1815 that
ended any British hopes of gaining control of the lower Ms River Valley.
Nullification- A constitutional doctrine holding that a state has a legal right to declare a national law null
and void within its borders.
Treaty of Ghent- treaty signed in Dec 1814 between the Us and Britain that ended the war of 1812
Era of good feelings- the period from 1817 to 1823
American System- the program of government subsidies favored by Henry Clay and his followers to
promote American economic growth and protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition.
2nd Bank of the United States- A national bank chartered by Congress in 1816 with extensive regulatory
powers over currency and credit.
Rush-Bagot treaty of 1817- treaty between the U.S and Britain that effectively demilitarized the Great lakes
by sharply limiting the numbers of ships each power could station on them
Transcontinental Treaty of 1819- Treaty between the U.S and Spain in which Spain ceded Fl to the U.S
surrendered all claims to the Pacific Northwest, and agreed to a boundary between the La Purchase territory
and the Spanish southwest.
Monroe Doctrine- Declaration by President James Monroe in 1823 that the Western Hemisphere was to be
closed off the further European colonization and the U.S would not Interfere in the internal affairs of
European nations.
MO Compromise- Sectional compromise in Congress in 1820 that admitted MO to the union as a Slave
state and ME as a free state and prohibited slavery in the Northern La purchase territory.
Places and Countries
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Spanish Colony- On paper possessed most of the N.A continent, but its control crumbled rapidly.
Tension mounted between Peninsulars and Crillos. Spanish established a chain of 21 missions in a
last effort to protect Mexico. American traders were making inroads on Spanish-held territory
along the MS River.
Haiti and the Caribbean-Rich sugar producing islands various colonies under leadership of
L'Ouverture, renamed the colony Haiti and became the 1st independent black nation.
British North America- Wrestled from France in the seven year war dominated fur trades and great
succession of water ways such as the St. Lawrence River, the great lakes and rivers beyond that.
ON friendly terms with Natives.
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Russian America- Now Alaska, driven by fur trade, sometimes took furs by force holding white
villages hostage and brutalizing the native Inuit and Aleut peoples.
Trans-Appalachia: Cincinnati-Great growth. Strategically placed 450 miles down the Pittsburg
River.
Atlantic ports- Charleston, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Boston
Timeline/ Chronology
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1807
1808
1809
1811
1812
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1823
Thomas Jefferson elected president
Jefferson's inauguration
Russian- American Company headquarters established at Sitka, Alaska
Louisiana Purchase
Marbury v. Madison
Ohio admitted to the union
Lewis and Clark expedition leaves St. Louis
Thomas Jefferson reelected president
Chesapeake-Leopard incident
Embargo act
James Madison elected president
Tecumseh forms Pan-Indians resistance movement
Battle of Tippecanoe
War of 1812 starts
James Madison reelected president
La admitted to the union
Treaty of Ghent
Battle of New Orleans
James Monroe elected president
Start of feeling of good era
Congress charters second Bank of U.S
Indiana admitted to union
MS admitted to the union
Rush-Bagot treaty of 1817
IL admitted to the Union
Panic of 1819
Adam-Onis Treaty
Al admitted to the union
Transcontinental treaty of 1819
MO crisis
MO compromise
James Monroe reelected president
Maine admitted to the union as Free State
MO admitted to the union as slave state
Monroe Doctrine
End of Era of Good Feelings