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Accelerated Biology
The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Review
1.
Explain the principal functions of the circulatory system.
2.
What process requires all our cells to take in O2 and produces CO2 as a waste product?
3.
4.
Label ALL the structures of the heart below.
Draw arrows (red – oxygen rich, blue – oxygen poor) to show the direction of blood flow.
7
8
1
2
9
10
3
4
5
11
12
6
5.
Write the pathway of blood through the heart. Include all structures (vessels, chambers, & valves)
6.
How does the right side of the heart differ from the left side in oxygen content?
7.
How do the right and left ventricles differ? Why?
8.
Compare and contrast the pulmonary and systemic circulation.
9.
What is the function of the sinoatrial node?
10.
Explain the difference between a heart attack and a stroke.
11.
Fill out the table below on arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Direction of Flow
Structure and
Valves
Vessel
(towards or away
Thickness of walls (present / absent)
from heart)
Normal O2
Content
(O2 rich, O2 poor)
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Connect
arteries and
veins
12.
What are two physical differences between arteries and veins.
13.
Why do arteries have thicker walls than veins?
14.
What is the function of valves?
15.
In what two vessels is the O2 content reversed? Explain why.
16.
Explain the importance of the capillaries.
17.
For each of the components of blood listed below, explain its primary function.
a. Plasma –
b. Red Blood Cells –
c. White Blood Cells –
d. Platelets –
18.
Why is hemoglobin important to red blood cells?
19.
What disease is caused by a decrease in RBC? What are the symptoms?
20.
What happens to the RBC in a person with Sickle Cell anemia? What are the symptoms?
21.
Explain the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures?
22.
What is the heart is doing during systole? During diastole?
23.
What is the average blood pressure of a healthy adult?
24.
What is atherosclerosis?
25.
What is hypertension? List three factors of a person’s lifestyle that can lead to hypertension.
Column A
Column B
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
spongelike organs located in the chest cavity
chamber where the passages from the nose and mouth
come together
muscular organ between the pharynx and the trachea
elastic tissue that forms a flap over the top of the larynx
main passageway to the lungs
tubes that branch from the trachea
small tubes that branch from the bronchi
tiny air sacs in the lungs
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
bronchi
alveoli
larynx
lungs
pharynx
bronchioles
epiglottis
trachea
26.
Label all of the structures of the respiratory system on the diagram below and list their function!
Bronchi, larynx, aveoli, diaphragm, nasal cavity, bronchioles, oral cavity, pharynx, intercostal muscles,
trachea, capillaries, epiglottis
27.
Explain how breathing and respiration differ.
28.
List three functions of the nasal cavity.
29.
What is the role of the cilia and mucus in the respiratory tract? What happens to this “stuff?”
30.
Why is it healthier to take in air through your nose than through your mouth?
31.
Which muscles are used in the breathing process?
32.
What do these muscles do when you inhale?
33.
What do these muscles do when you exhale?
34.
On the diagram above label inhalation, exhalation,
and the diaphragm. Then, describe the changes in pressure
that occur in the chest cavity.
35.
Gas Exchange between the Alveolus and Capillaries in the Lungs: Label the boxes using the
following terms: CO2 diffuses into alveolus, High CO2 in blood plasma, High O2 in red blood cell, Low
CO2 in blood plasma, Low O2 in red blood cell, O2 diffuses into blood
36.
How does the body regulate the breathing rate?
37.
How would strenuous exercise affect breathing?
38.
What is carbon monoxide poisoning and how does it occur?
44.
List ALL the structures you would pass flowing through the lungs, body, and heart. Start with an
oxygen molecule in the air and trace your path past: all of the respiratory structures, absorption in the
alvioli, carried in the blood through the heart and body. Then, O2 is swapped for CO2 in your brain during
cellular respiration to make ATP to help you think. The CO2 is then transported back to the heart, pumped
back to the lungs, and finally exhaled from the lungs! (You should have at least 20 structures!)