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United States History Curriculum Guide Grade 8 United States History Curriculum Guide Course Description: The success of our democracy lies in the principles found in the United States Constitution. The Grade 8 program examines this living document in the context of its historical evolution. Students will learn about the foundation, creation and preservation of the ideals upon which our government is based. In the context of the history of the times, central themes that will be explored at varying depths may include: the Constitution, principles of compromise, inequities and class struggles, federalism, westward expansion, regionalism, human civil rights, and the role of the individual in history. The ultimate goal of the course is to create an excitement and appreciation for American history that will develop an interest in civic engagement and nurture full participation as American and global citizens. Common Products: To insure that students from both school systems share similar experiences, two common assignments (in addition to three end-of-trimester exams) will include: Trimester One – Voice of Democracy Essay Trimester Two - Historical Figure Assignment Grade 8 United States History Trimester Guidelines Trimester One- The Road to Independence Colonial America Events Leading to War for Independence War for Independence Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 15 days 20 days 20 days ***Voice of Democracy Essay*** Trimester Two- Establishing the Government The Constitution Challenges to the New Government Establishing a Place in the World The Jacksonian Era Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 11 22 days 10 – 12 days 10 – 12 days 10 – 12 days ***Important Person in History Poster*** Trimester Three- Challenges to the Constitution Westward Expansion Events Leading to the Civil War The Civil War Reconstruction Chapters 12 – 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 15 days 15 days 15 days 10 days Course: Grade 8 United States History Trimester I Unit The Road to Independence (12 weeks) MA Standard/Strands The Political and Intellectual Origins of the American Nation: the Revolution and the Constitution, 1763-1789 USI.1 Explain the political and economic factors that contributed to the American Revolution. (H, C) USI.2 Explain the historical and intellectual influences on the American Revolution and the formation and framework of the American government. (H, C) USI.3 Explain the influence and ideas of the Declaration of Independence and the political philosophy of Thomas Jefferson. (H, C) USI.4 Analyze how Americans resisted British policies before 1775 and analyze the reasons for the American victory and the British defeat during the Revolutionary war. (H) USI.5 Explain the role of Massachusetts in the revolution, including important events that took place in Massachusetts and important leaders from Massachusetts. (H) Time Frame I. Colonial America II. Events Leading to War for Independence III. War for Independence ***Voice of Democracy Essay*** Text Chapter(s)/pages The American Nation: Chapters 4 – 6 15 days 20 days 20 days Essential Questions What religious principles influenced the earliest colonists and the Founding Fathers? What motivated Europeans to colonize the new World? What were the British colonies in America like in the 1770s? How can we organize government to prevent abuse? How did constitutional government evolve in Great Britain? What experiences led to the American Revolution? What basic ideas about government are in the Declaration of Independence? What happened during the American Revolution? How did the government function? What individuals left their impact upon colonial America and how did they do this? Targeted Skill(s) Reading for understanding, writing, map skills, chronological order, primary source analysis. interpretation of historical resources (pictures, charts, images, etc), cooperative learning and collaboration, cause & effect, debating skills, note taking, listening skills, outlining, discussion, compare & contrast, analysis of news sources, civic engagement. mastery of essential questions Other Resources History Channel Presents: The American Revolution Teaching American History Grant Resources Binder This is America Available Assessment(s) End-of-trimester exam Voice of Democracy Essay Issues to Consider Primary Source documenters of Reference: Magna Carta Mayflower Compact Common Sense Declaration of Independence Colonial America Chapter 4 Important People Key Terms/Events Primary Sources Lord Baltimore John Winthrop Mary Dyer Thomas Hooker Roger Williams James Oglethorpe Jonathan Edwards William Penn Anne Hutchinson Pilgrims Puritans Toleration Great Migration General Court New England “City upon a Hill” New Netherlands/York Proprietary Colony Middle Colonies Holy Experiment Quakers Equality Delaware Great Wagon Road Mason-Dixon Line Act of Toleration Comparison of colonies Bacon’s Rebellion Apprentice Great Awakening Roanoke Jamestown Carolinas Georgia Mayflower Compact “Fundamental Orders of Connecticut “ “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” Key Terms/Events (continued) Raw Goods Maryland Public Schools Indentured Servants The Enlightenment Tobacco Cash Crops Slave Codes Plantations Gentry Manufactured Product Middle Passage Mercantilism Import Export Triangle Trade Navigation Acts Legislature Slaves Events Leading to the War for Independence Chapter 5 Important People Key Terms/Events Major Washington Crispus Attucks John Adams Sam Adams Benjamin Franklin Governor Hutchinson Fort Necessity William Pitt Chief Pontiac Paul Revere General Thomas Gage Ohio River Valley Boston Massacre Fort Duquesne Boycott Appalachian Mountains French & Indian War/ (Seven Years War) Albany Plan of Union Parliament The Intolerable Acts Boston Tea Party Tea Act Battle for Quebec Continental Congress Treaty of Paris Stamp Act Proclamation of 1763 Minutemen Sugar Act Townshend Acts “The British are coming!” Nonimportation Agreements Sons of Liberty Red Coat Primary Sources Key Terms/Events (cont) “The shot heard ‘round the world!” Quartering Act Lexington/Concord Daughters of Liberty The War for Independence Chapter 6 Important People Key Terms/Events Primary Sources Ethan Allen Benedict Arnold Francis “Swamp Fox” Marion General Cornwallis King George III Admiral de Grasse Thomas Paine Thomas Jefferson John Adams Abigail Adams John Hancock General Howe George Washington General Burgoyne King Louis XVI Nathan Hale John Paul Jones Molly Pitcher Redcoats Green Mountain Boys Hessians Blockade Olive Branch Petition Yorktown Patriot Continental Army Olive Branch Petition Causes of the Revolution Second Continental Congress Loyalist Bunker Hill British Evacuation Dorchester Heights Fort Ticonderoga Battle of Long Island Battle of Moore’s Creek Bridge Treaty of Paris Effects of Victory Battle of Trenton Valley Forge Saratoga Common Sense Washington’s Farewell The Crisis Declaration of Independence Key Terms/Events (cont) African Americans in Revolution Women in Revolution Navy Vincennes Course: Grade 8 United States History Trimester II Unit Establishing the Government (12 weeks) MA Standard/Strands The Political and Intellectual Origins of the American Nation: the Revolution and the Constitution, 1763-1789 USI.6 Explain the reasons for the adoption of the Articles of Confederation in 1781, including why its drafters created a weak central government; analyze the shortcomings of the national government under the Articles; and describe the crucial events (e.g., Shays’s rebellion) leading to the Constitutional Convention. (H, C) The Political and Intellectual Origins of the American Nation: the Revolution and the Constitution, 1763-1789 USI.7 Explain the roles of various founders at the Constitutional Convention. Describe the major debates that occurred at the Convention and the “Great Compromise” that was reached. (H, C) USI.8 Describe the debate over the ratification of the Constitution between Federalists and Anti-Federalists and explain the key ideas contained in the Federalist Papers on federalism, factions, checks and balances, and the importance of an independent judiciary. (H, C) USI.9 Explain the reasons for the passage of the Bill of Rights. (H, C) USI.10 On a map of North America, identify the first 13 states to ratify the Constitution. (H, G) The Formation and Framework of American Democracy USI.11 Describe the purpose and functions of government. (H, C) USI.12 Explain and provide examples of different forms of government, including democracy, monarchy, oligarchy, theocracy, and autocracy. (H, C) USI.13 Explain why the United States government is classified as a democratic government. (H, C) USI.14 Explain the characteristics of American democracy, including the concepts of popular sovereignty and constitutional government, which includes representative institutions, federalism, separation of powers, shared powers, checks and balances, and individual rights. (H, C) MA Standard/Strands (continued) USI.15 Explain the varying roles and responsibilities of federal, state, and local governments in the United States. (H, C) USI.16 Describe the evolution of the role of the federal government, including public services, taxation, economic policy, foreign policy, and common defense. (H, C) USI.19 Explain the rights and the responsibilities of citizenship and describe how a democracy provides opportunities for citizens to participate in the political process through elections, political parties, and interest groups. (H, C) USI.20 Explain the evolution and function of political parties, including their role in federal, state, and local elections. (H, C) Political Democratization, Westward Expansion, and Diplomatic Developments, 1790-1860 USI.22 Summarize the major policies and political developments that took place during the presidencies of George Washington (1789-1797), John Adams (1797-1801), and Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809). (H, C) USI.23 Analyze the rising levels of political participation and the expansion of suffrage in antebellum America. (C, H) USI.25 Trace the influence and ideas of Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall and the importance of the doctrine of judicial review as manifested in Marbury v. Madison (1803). (H, C) USI.26 Describe the causes, course, and consequences of America’s westward expansion and its growing diplomatic assertiveness. Use a map of North America to trace America’s expansion to the Civil War, including the location of the Santa Fe and Oregon trails. (H, E, G) MA Standard/Strands (continued) Economic Growth in the North and South, 1800-1860 Time Frame I. The Constitution 22 days II. Challenges to the New Government 10 – 12 days III. Establishing a Place in the World 10 – 12 days IV. The Jacksonian Era 10 – 12 days ***Important Person in History Assignment*** Text Chapter(s)/pages The American Nation: Chapters 7 – 11 and Overview of Constitution (pp 214 – 239) We the People as a supplementary resource Essential Questions How did the states govern themselves after the revolution? How did the Articles of Confederation organize the first national government? What defined human in the eyes of the founding fathers? Why do we need government? What is republican government? What is constitutional government? What were the failures of the Articles of Confederation? Who attended the Philadelphia Convention? How did the Framers resolve the conflict about representation in Congress? How did the Framers resolve the conflict about the powers of the three branches of government? USI.29 Describe the rapid growth of slavery in the South after 1800 and analyze slave life and resistance on plantations and farms across the South, as well as the impact of the cotton gin on the economics of slavery and Southern agriculture. (H) What powers should be given to the legislative, executive and judicial branches? Essential Questions (continued) How was balance of power achieved? What was Hamilton’s plan and how was it received? What is federalism? How did the Constitution create a federal system of government? How did the people approve the new constitution? How did Congress organize the new government? How did political parties develop? How does the US Supreme Court use the power of judicial review? How does the US Supreme Court determine the meaning of the words in the Constitution? Why were Washington’s actions as president so important to the future of the United States? Describe the cultural differences between the Northern, Middle and Southern states. How did sectional differences influence westward expansion and the road to Civil War? How did westward expansion challenge the Constitution? How was the issue of slavery in the western states resolved? How does man’s tendency to dehumanize lead to war? Describe the philosophies towards the indigenous population. What individuals left their impact upon the new nation and how did they do this? Targeted Skill(s) Reading for understanding, writing, map skills, chronological order, primary source analysis. interpretation of historical resources (pictures, charts, images, etc), cooperative learning and collaboration, cause & effect, debating skills, note taking, listening skills, outlining, discussion, compare & contrast, mock trial, independent research, use of Internet, analysis of news sources, civic engagement, mastery of essential questions Other Resources Teaching American History Grant Resources Binder Supreme Court DVD series Gettysburg (Ken Burns) This is America Other resources (continued) Roots The Life and Times of Andrew Jackson (DVD) The War if 1812 (DVD) Available Assessment(s) End-of-Trimester Examination Individual in History Assignment (in progress) Issues to Consider Primary Sources documenters of Reference: Articles of Confederation Washington’s Farewell Address The Federalist Papers US Constitution Bill of Rights Monroe Doctrine Missouri Compromise Preambles to the US Constitution Key Court Cases: Marbury vs. Madison The Constitution Chapter 7 Important People Key Terms/Events Primary Sources James Madison George Washington Shay’s Rebellion John Locke Montesquieu John Adams Abigail Adams Impeachment Northwest Ordinance Federalists Electoral College Veto Due Process Constitutional Convention Antifederalists Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan The Great Compromise Legislative Executive A more perfect union? Judicial Bicameral Legislature Checks and Balances Bill Three-Fifths Compromise Law Slave Trade Fugitive Slave Act Articles of Confederation Preamble Bill of Rights Mass. Constitution Key Terms/Events (continued) Federalism Posterity Amendment process Separation of powers Republic Challenges to the New Government Chapter 8 Important People Key Terms/Events Primary Sources President Washington James Madison Alexander Hamilton John Adams Napoleon Bonaparte Thomas Jefferson Political Factions (parties) Democratic Republicans Judiciary Act Election of 1796 Government bonds National debt XYZ Affair Speculator High Federalists Convention of 1800 Alien Act Federalists Sedition Act Anti-Federalists Nullify Hamilton’s Compromise Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions Bank of the United States Election of 1800 Protective tariff Whiskey Rebellion Washington’s Farewell Address Key Terms/Events (continued) Neutrality Proclamation precedent Pacificus/Helvidius Letters Unconstitutional Jay’s Treaty Cabinet French Revolution (cause/effect) Establishing a Place in the World Chapter 9 Important People Key Terms/Events Primary Sources John Marshall Lewis and Clark William Henry Harrison Andrew Jackson James Madison Henry Clay Toussaint L’Ouverture Sacajawea Napoleon’s Threat Judicial Review Marbury V. Madison Louisiana Purchase Tripoli Barbary States Embargo Act Election of 1808 Nonintercourse Act War Hawks The War of 1812 Treaty of Ghent Battle of New Orleans Tippecanoe Pinckney’s Treaty Laissez-Faire Hartford Convention Monroe Doctrine The Star Spangled Banner The Jacksonian Era Chapter 11 Important People Key Terms/Events Sequoyah John Quincy Adams Henry Clay Andrew Jackson William Henry Harrison Martin Van Buren Roger Taney John C. Calhoun Daniel Webster The Election of 1824 Secede Trail of Tears Indian Removal Act The “corrupt bargain” Seminole War Suffrage Panic of 1837/causes Caucus Nominating conventions Whigs Democrats Tippecanoe and Tyler too! Spoils system The Log Cabin Campaign “Old Hickory” Kitchen Cabinet Mr. Biddle’s Bank Pet Banks Tariff of Abominations Nullification Act States’ Rights The American System Primary Sources Course: Grade 8 United States History Trimester III Unit Challenges to the Constitution (12 weeks) The Formation and Framework of American Democracy USI.21 Describe how decisions are made in a democracy, including the role of legislatures, courts, executives, and the public. (H, C) MA Standard/Strands Social, Political, and Religious Change, 1800-1860 USI.26 Describe the causes, course, and consequences of America’s westward expansion and its growing diplomatic assertiveness. Use a map of North America to trace America’s expansion to the Civil War, including the location of the Santa Fe and Oregon trails. (H, E, G) USI.31 Describe the formation of the abolitionist movement, the roles of various abolitionists, and the response of southerners and northerners to abolitionism. (H) Economic Growth in the North and South, 1800-1860 USI.27 Explain the importance of the Transportation Revolution of the 19th century (the building of canals, roads, bridges, turnpikes, steamboats, and railroads), including the stimulus it provided to the growth of a market economy. (H, E) USI.28 Explain the emergence and impact of the textile industry in New England and industrial growth generally throughout antebellum America. (H, E) MA Standard/Strands (continued) USI.29 Describe the rapid growth of slavery in the South after 1800 and analyze slave life and resistance on plantations and farms across the South, as well as the impact of the cotton gin on the economics of slavery and Southern agriculture. (H) Social, Political, and Religious Change, 1800-1860 USI.31 Describe the formation of the abolitionist movement, the roles of various abolitionists, and the response of southerners and northerners to abolitionism. (H) The Civil War and Reconstruction, 1860-1877 USI.35 Describe how the different economies and cultures of the North and South contributed to the growing importance of sectional politics in the early 19th century. (H) USI.36 Summarize the critical developments leading to the Civil War. (H) USI.37 On a map of North America, identify Union and Confederate States at the outbreak of the war. (H, G) USI.38 Analyze Abraham Lincoln’s presidency, the Emancipation Proclamation (1863), his views on slavery, and the political obstacles he encountered. (H, C) USI.39 Analyze the roles and policies of various Civil War leaders and describe the important Civil War battles and events. (H) USI.40 Provide examples of the various effects of the Civil War. (H, E) USI.40 Explain the policies and consequences of Reconstruction. (H, C) Time Frame I. Westward Expansion II. Events Leading to the Civil War 15 days 15 days III. The Civil War IV. Reconstruction 15 days 10 days Text Chapter(s)/pages The American Nation: Chapters 12 – 17, Essential Questions How did the ultimate failure of compromise lead to the Civil War? What were the immediate goals of the Confederacy and the Union? What role did the border states play? What were the advantages and disadvantages of each side in the conflict? What was the Emancipation Proclamation? How did Lincoln’s view on slavery evolve before and during the war? What were the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments and how were they unfulfilled? What are: Jim Crow laws, Black Codes and Carpetbaggers? What individuals left their impact upon the Civil War Era and how did they do this? Targeted Skill(s) Reading for understanding, writing, map skills, chronological order, primary source analysis. interpretation of historical resources (pictures, charts, images, etc), cooperative learning and collaboration, cause & effect, debating skills, note taking, listening skills, outlining, discussion, compare & contrast, analysis of news sources, mastery of essential questions Other Resources Teaching American History Grant Resources Binder Supreme Court DVD series Mill Times Gettysburg (Ken Burns) Separate but Equal Eye on the Prize DVD series This is America Roots Available Assessment(s) End-of-trimester Examination Issues to Consider Primary Source documenters of Reference: Amendments 11 – 15 Kansas Nebraska Act Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850 Emancipation Proclamation Gettysburg Address Key Court Cases: Dred Scott Decision Manifest Destiny Chapter 12 Important People James Polk Brigham Young Joseph Smith Key Terms/Events Westward Expansion Lone Star Republic Manifest Destiny Bear Flag Republic Utah/Mormons Annexation Mexican Cession Gasden Purchase Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Primary Sources Chapter 13 Important People Eli Whitney Key Terms/Events Industrialization Know-Nothings Immigration Nativism Cottonocracy Cotton Gin Slave Codes Primary Sources Chapter 14 Important People Frederick Douglas Harriet Tubman Key Terms/Events abolitionist Primary Sources “Ain’t I a woman?” Henry Lloyd Garrison Sojourner Truth Events Leading Up to the Civil War Chapter 15 Important People Key Terms/Events Primary Sources David Wilmot Abraham Lincoln John Brown Henry Clay Franklin Pierce Preston Brooks Charles Sumner William Lloyd Garrison James Buchanan Jefferson Davis Stephen Douglas John C. Calhoun Daniel Webster Harriet Beecher Stowe Border Ruffians Uncle Tom’s Cabin Arsenal Popular Sovereignty Sectionalism Harper’s Ferry “Bleeding Kansas” Fugitive Slave Law Free Soilers Abolitionists Dred Scott Decision Lincoln-Douglas Debates The Missouri Compromise The Compromise of 1850 The Kansas – Nebraska Act The Republican Party The Election of 1860 Secession Confederate States of America Fort Sumter The Civil War Chapter 16 Important People Key Terms/Events Primary Sources Abraham Lincoln Edwin Stanton Jefferson Davis George McClellan Ulysses S. Grant Clara Barton William Tecumseh Sherman Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson General Sheridan Copperheads Inflation Confederate States of America Habeas Corpus Union Border States Monitor Merrimac Bull Run Antietam Gettysburg Vicksburg Blockade Fort Sumter Andersonville Appomattox Court House Massachusetts 54th Regiment Arlington National Cemetery Battle Hymn of the Republic The Gettysburg Address Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln’s 1st Inaugural Address Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Address The Reconstruction Chapter 17 Important People Key Terms/Events Samuel Tilden Hiram Revels Thaddeus Stevens Charles Sumner Alexander Stephens Abraham Lincoln Andrew Johnson Charlotte Forten Blanch K. Bruce John Wilkes Booth U.S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes Freedmen’s Bureau Reconstruction 10% Plan Wade Davis Bill 13, 14 & 15th Amendments Impeachment Black Codes Jim Crow Laws Sharecropping Radical Republicans Civil Rights Act Election of 1866 Reconstruction Act of 1867 Scalawags Carpetbaggers Ku Klux Klan Grandfather Clause Segregation Election of 1876 Plessy vs. Ferguson Poll Tax Primary Sources Literacy Test