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Respiratory System Notes Chapter 13 -Organs of the Respiratory system: _____________________________________________________________ -Functions of the Respiratory system: oversees gas exchange ____________________________________ Exchange of gases take place in ____________________________________ Lungs passageways: purify, _________________________________________________________ Only visible part of the respiratory system: ______________ The cavity is lined with respiratory _________________, which ______________________________ Purpose of lateral conchae: increase surface area and for air turbulence What separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity? ______________________ Functions of the sinuses: 1)______________________________ 2)act as resonance chambers for ____ _______________________________ 3) produce ___________________that drains into nasal cavity 1. Throat is called: __________________which is the _______________________________________________ At the base of the pharynx you have _______________ 2. Larynx is also called the ________________; plays a role in __________________ -__________________ closes larynx when food is swallowed to travel to ___________________ and sends air to the ______________________ -Vocal cords- vibrate with air to ___________________________________________ 3. Trachea is called ________________ which connects ___________________________________ It is lined with ____________________ Beat continuously in _________________________ of incoming air Expels mucus loaded with __________________________________________ Walls are reinforced with ____________________________________________________ If your trachea is blocked, you can perform the ______________________ maneuver! Each lobe of lung is divided into fissures: LEFT _____________ and RIGHT _________________ -What covers the lungs? _________________________ Respiratory Tree Divisions (conducting passageway): ________________ ____________________ __________________ _________________ ___________ (Terminal bronchioli end in _____________________) Respiratory Zone Structures: respiratory ________________, ___________________________, _____________________ -Site of ________________________ (at alveoli) -Type of tissue lining alveoli is _____________________ Gas Exchange in Lungs: Gas crosses membrane by ___________________. Oxygen enters __________________, while carbon dioxide enters the ________________ ________________________ are for protection A Lipid surfactant __________________, which prevent lungs from collapsing Mechanism of Breathing: Inspiration- flow of air _________________________ Expiration- __________________________________________ Size of thoracic cavity: ______________ Exhalation causes muscle to ________________, which pushes ___________________________ Nonrespiratory air movements are reflexes or voluntary actions like: ____________________________ Each breath moves about ________________ of air. Residual volume of air- ________________ of air remains in the lungs (at all times) The Movement of Oxygen into the blood: 1. ____________________ always have more _____________ than the blood 2. Oxygen moves by __________________, towards area of ______________________________ 3. _______________________________ gains oxygen Oxygen transport in the blood is via _____________________________ Carbon dioxide transport in the blood is in the form of _____________________ ion Types of Respiration: 1. Pulmonary ventilation- moving air _________________ of the ______________ 2. Internal respiration- exchange of gases between _____________________________________ Neural centers are located in the _______________________________ -Normal breathing ( ) is about ________________________________ -Exercise __________________ our breathing rate and is called ____________________. Diseases: 1. Chronic _________________________________________ (COPD) Symptoms- victims retain ____________________ are _________________ and have __________________ 2. Emphysema Symptoms: Alveoli enlarge, chronic inflammation promotes _________________, airways _______________, chest is expanded, and ___________________________ late in the disease 3. Chronic Bronchitis: Mucosa of the lower respiratory passages becomes __________________________ Mucus production ______________________ Pooled mucus impairs _______________________ and gas exchange Risk of lung infection ________________ and ______________________ is common 4. Lung Cancer: Accounts ________________________________________ Increased incidence associated __________________________ Three common types: 1) ____________________________ 2) adenocarcinoma 3) _________carcinoma 5. SIDS: ___________________________ Apparently healthy infant ______________________________ Some cases are thought to be a problem of the __________________________________ 6. Asthma: Chronic inflamed ______________________________bronchiole passage Response to irritants with ______________________________________________ Developmental Aspects of Respiratory System: Lungs are not fully __________________________________________________________ ______________________ that lowers alveolar surface tension is not present until late in fetal development and may not be present in _______________________ Fetus’ lungs are ____________________________ Birth Defects: Cystic fibrosis –oversecretion of ___________________________________________ ________________ What pattern to you notice between age and rate of respiration? _______________________________