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Electricity & Magnetism Newsletter Volume 1, Issue 5.4 Dear Parents, The purpose of this newsletter is to give you an overview of what your child will be learning during our current unit of study in science. Please take a moment to look over the different sections of this newsletter. You will see example questions, important terms to know, and some extension activities you can do at home. Parent Background: If you charge two balloons by rubbing them on your clothing, numerous negative charges will be created. The balloons will repel each other because of the number of negative charges. If one balloon is negatively charged and you have pepper on a plate, the pepper will jump towards the balloon because it has a positive charge and the opposites attract. This is a kind of electricity-static electricity. Molecules are the smallest bit of a substance. Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Moving electrons create electricity. The ability of the electrons to move freely allows for energy to form and work to be done. Electricity will only flow when a circuit is complete. Metals are the best conductors of electricity, offering the ability for the current to flow easily. Copper is the most widely used conductor for wiring. Insulators are “poor conductors” of electricity. Electricity and magnetism are closely related. Both have a magnetic field in which electrons flow. Bar magnets attract objects most strongly at their poles (the ends). The magnetic attraction weakens towards the middle of the bar magnet, offering little to no magnetic attraction power. Electromagnets are created by wrapping insulated wire around a nail and connecting both ends of the wire to the battery. The electrical current flows through the coiled wire, charging the nail. This nail is then magnetized and will remain a strong magnetic force as long as the electrical current flows. When the electrical current is broken, the nail is no longer considered a magnet. Students will know… electricity flows easily through some materials magnets attract some materials an electrical current through a wire can create a magnetic field. Students will be able to… demonstrate examples of static electricity draw examples of a basic circuit; list commons insulators and conductors create a simple circuit used to determine conductivity build a simple electromagnet Ways Parents Can Help Things you can do with your 5th grader… 1) Visit an appliance repair shop & ask them to tell you about the magnets found in appliance motors. 2) Discuss safe electrical use by visiting http://www.miamisci.org/af/sln/frankenstein/safety.html 3) Make flashcards for the vocabulary section and practice using the words in a sentence. Vocabulary circuit: complete path an electrical current flows through conductor: substance which allows heat, electricity, or sound to travel through electromagnet: temporary magnet formed when electricity flows through coiled wire electron: negative charged tiny particle found in the electron cloud of an atom insulator: substance which does not allow heat, electricity, or sound to travel through Well what about the mature student having trouble with weight and neutron: neutral charged tiny particle found in He the couldn't nucleus of atom mass? tellthehis old tons from his Newtons proton: positive charged tiny particle found in the nucleus of the atom Sample Test Prep Question #1 Sample Test Prep Question #2 Which of these materials is a good conductor of electricity? F. Rubber G. Glass H. Metal J. Newspaper Question: What did the baby light bulb say to the mama light bulb? Answer: Electrical Enjoyment “I love you watts and watts!” Answers: 1) B will light when the switch is closed 2) H -metal will conduct electricity