Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Student Study Guide for the American Pageant Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism, 1812–1824 CHAPTER SUMMARY Americans began the War of 1812 with high hopes of conquering Canada. But their strategy and efforts were badly flawed, and before long British and Canadian forces had thrown the United States on the defensive. The Americans fared somewhat better in naval warfare, but by 1814 the British had burned Washington and were threatening New Orleans. The Treaty of Ghent ended the war in a stalemate that solved none of the original issues. But Americans counted the war a success and increasingly turned away from European affairs and toward isolationism. The Era of Good Feelings was soon threatened by the Panic of 1819, caused largely by excessive land speculation and unstable banks. An even more serious threat came from the first major sectional dispute over slavery, which was postponed but not really resolved by the Missouri Compromise of 1820. Despite some secessionist talk by New Englanders at the Hartford Convention, the ironic outcome of the divisive war was a strong surge of American nationalism and unity. Political conflict virtually disappeared during the “Era of Good Feelings” under President Madison. A fervent new nationalism appeared in diverse areas of culture, economics and foreign policy. Nationalism also led to a more assertive American foreign policy. Andrew Jackson’s military adventures in Spanish Florida resulted in the cession of that territory to the U.S. American fears of European intervention in Latin America encouraged Monroe and J. Q. Adams to lay down the Monroe Doctrine. Under Chief Justice John Marshall, the Supreme Court further enhanced its role as the major force upholding a powerful national government and conservative defense of property rights. Marshall’s rulings partially checked the general movement toward states’ rights and popular democracy. GLOSSARY - To build your social science vocabulary, familiarize yourself with the following terms: regiment A medium-sized military unit, larger than a company or battalion and smaller than a division. mediation An intervention, usually by consent of the parties, to aid in voluntarily settling differences between groups or nations. (Arbitration involves a mandatory settlement determined by a third party.) armistice A temporary stopping of warfare by mutual agreement, usually in preparation for an actual peace negotiation between the parties. dynasty A succession of rulers in the same family line; by extension, any system of predetermined succession in power. reaction (reactionary) In politics, extreme conservatism, looking to restore the political or socia conditions of some earlier time. protection (protective) In economics, the policy of stimulating or preserving domestic producer, by placing barriers against imported goods, often through high tariffs. raw materials Products in their natural, unmanufactured state. internal improvements The basic public works, such as roads and canals, that create the structure for economic development. intrastate Something existing wholly within a state of the United States. (Interstate refers to movement between two or more states.) depression In economics, a severe and very prolonged period of declining economic activity, high unemployment, and low wages and prices. boom In economics, period of sudden, spectacular expansion of business activity or prices. wildcat bank An unregulated, speculative bank that issues notes without sufficient capital to back them. peculiar institution Widely used term for the institution of American black slavery. demagogic (demagogue) Concerning a leader who stirs up the common people by appeals to emotion and prejudice, 1 often for selfish or irrational ends. contract In law, an agreement in which each of two or more parties binds themselves to perform some act in exchange for what the other party similarly pledges to do. Explain the specific conditions of the United States military on the eve of the War of 1812: (pg 233) ________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________. Canada became an important battleground in the War of 1812 because: (pg. 233) _______________________________ _______________________________________________________. The performance of the United States' Navy in the War of 1812 could be best described as: (pg. 234) ________________ ___________________________________________________________________. The British attack on Fort McHenry inspired : (pg. 235) ____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________. Where did the British suffer their most devastating defeat in the War of 1812? (pg. 236) _________________________ ___________________________. Describe the main points of the Battle of New Orleans? ____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________. How did the British respond to American naval victories during the War of 1812? (pg. 237) ______________________________________________________________________________________________. At the peace conference at Ghent, the British began to withdraw many of its earlier demands for all of the following reasons except: (pg. 237) a) reverses in upper New York. d) concern about the still dangerous France. b) a loss at Baltimore. e) the American victory at New Orleans. c) increasing war weariness in Britain. Explain the details of what transpired at the Hartford Convention: (pg. 237-238) _______________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________. How significant was the War of 1812 to the global community? ____________________________________ _________________________________________________. How did the outcome of the War of 1812 affect Americans? (pg. 240) _______________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________. What was the purpose of the Tariff of 1816? ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________. 2 Describe Henry Clay's American System, including its opponents and proponents: ______________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________. The panic of 1819 brought with it all of the following except: (pg. 243) A) inflation. D) debtor's prisons. B) unemployment. E) bankruptcies. C) bank failures. What were the major causes of the panic of 1819? (pg. 243) ________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________. The western land boom resulted from all of the following except: (pg. 244) A) it was a continuation of the old westward movement. B) land exhaustion in older tobacco states. C) speculators accepted small down payments. D) the frontier was pacified with the defeat of the Indians. E) the construction of railroad lines west of the Mississippi River. What was the South’s response to the Tallmadge Amendment? (pg. 245) ____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________. What was the first state entirely west of the Mississippi River to be carved out of the Louisiana Territory? (pg. 246) ____________________________________________ Explain all of the circumstances surrounding the Missouri Compromise: (pg. 245) _______________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Study the map on page 247 and read the caption. What was Thomas Jefferson’s response to the Missouri Compromise? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________. Explain John Marshall’s philosophy towards Constitutional interpretation? (pg. 248) _____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________. In McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, and Gibbons v. Ogden, Chief Justice Marshall's rulings limited the extent of: (pg. 248-249) __________________________________________. What was decided in the Court Case Fletcher v. Peck? (pg. 250) ___________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________. The United States' most successful diplomat in the Era of Good Feelings was: (pg. 251) _________________________ ____________________________. 3 What were the conditions of the Treaty of 1818 with England? _____________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________. Explain the process that led the United States to gaining Florida in 1819: ______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________. Why was Britain opposed to Spain reestablishing its authority in Latin American countries that had successfully revolted? (pg. 252) _________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________. What was the main principle behind the Monroe Doctrine? __________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ The Monroe Doctrine was necessary because ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________. Latin America's reaction to the Monroe Doctrine can best be described as: (pg. 254) A) enthusiastic. B) fearful of the United States. C) unconcerned or unimpressed. D) relying on Britain to void it. E) none of the above. The Monroe Doctrine was: (pg. 255) A) a striking new departure in American foreign policy. B) quickly codified into international law. C) a binding pledge on each subsequent presidential administration. D) an expression of the illusion of deepening American isolationism from world affairs. E) a commitment by the United States to internationalism. 4