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Transcript
History 2311 Spring 2010 LECTURE 18, A NATION DIVIDED: THE U.S. CIVIL WAR TERMS and IDENTIFICATIONS: Fort Sumter, cotton diplomacy, Antietam, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Appomattox Courthouse I. II. The War Begins A. Fort Sumter: April 1861 B. Mobilization C. The Border States D. The First Battle of Bull Run North and South: Strengths and Weaknesses A. North 1. 2. B. South 1. 2. 3. 4. III. defensive war military leadership: Robert E. Lee slavery cotton Lincoln, Commander-in-Chief A. Presided over an enormous expansion of the powers of the federal government 1. 2. 3. B. War Department Legal Tender Act (1862) Bank Act (1863) Kept campaign promises: 1. 2. 3. IV. population industrial capacity Morrill Tariff Act (1861) Transcontinental Railroad begun Homestead Act (1862) Southern Nationalism A. “Cotton diplomacy” 2 V. VI. VII. VIII. B. Draft C. States’ rights v. Confederate nation War Through 1862 A. North blockaded South B. Peninsular Campaign and the Seven Days (March 1862) C. Second Battle of Bull Run D. Antietam (September 1862) E. Ulysses S. Grant: Shiloh (April 1862) African Americans A. “contrabands” B. Emancipation Proclamation (January 1863) C. Thirteenth Amendment (1865) D. Black soldiers eventually made up 10% of Union Army: 200,000 men and 37,000 died. The Human Price of the War A. 620,000 dead, more than both World Wars combined B. Women army nurses Economic and Social Strains A. North 1. 2. 3. B. South 1. 2. 3. IX. Some sectors of the northern economy flourished But extremely high inflation Conscription (New York Draft Riots of 1863) Blockade and breakdown in transportation led to food shortages Incredible inflation: prices rose 9000% from 1861 to 1865 Food riots Union Victory A. Gettysburg (July 1863) 3 B. Vicksburg (July 1863) C. Grant: General-in-chief of all Union forces in March 1864 1. 2. X. Strategy was strangulation and annihilation Sherman captured Atlanta in September 1864 D. Election of 1864 E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse: April 9, 1865 F. Lincoln assassinated: April 14, 1865 Nation permanently changed by Civil War
