Download Ch 27 Study Guide

Ch 27 Study Guide
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. The early oceans became salty when
a. dissolved solids were carried from land into the oceans.
b. salt dropped from the atmosphere into the oceans.
c. sea creatures left salty deposits in their remains.
d. the heavy atmosphere did not allow salt particles to dissipate.
____
2. About 99% of all matter contained in the solar nebula now exists in
a. planets.
c. asteroids.
b. space.
d. the sun.
____
3. Which of the following planets do scientists NOT consider a major planet?
a. Saturn
c. Pluto
b. Mercury
d. Neptune
____
4. Small bodies that orbit planets are called
a. comets.
b. moons.
c. planetesimals.
d. protoplanets.
____
5. When early Earth’s atmosphere formed, which of the following gases were lost because Earth’s gravity was
too weak?
a. oxygen and helium
c. helium and nitrogen
b. hydrogen and ozone
d. helium and hydrogen
____
6. Who believed that planets moved in epicycles as they revolved in larger circles around Earth?
a. Aristotle
c. Newton
b. Ptolemy
d. Copernicus
____
7. The relationship between the average distance of a planet from the sun and the planet’s orbital period is
described by the
a. law of equal areas.
c. law of ellipses.
b. law of motion.
d. law of periods.
____
8. Who proposed a heliocentric model of the universe, in which the planets revolve at different speeds around
the sun?
a. Galileo
c. Copernicus
b. Kepler
d. Newton
____
9. Which of the following laws describes the speed at which objects travel at different points in their orbits?
a. law of equal areas
c. law of eccentricity
b. law of ellipses
d. law of periods
____ 10. The law that describes how a planet orbits the sun is called the
a. law of orbital periods.
c. law of ellipses.
b. law of equal areas.
d. law of periods.
____ 11. Which of the following is NOT true of all the inner planets?
a. They are made of solid rock.
c. They do not have rings.
b. They are called gas giants.
d. They have impact craters.
____ 12. Mars’s volcanoes are larger than those of Earth because Mars
a. is so close to the sun.
c. has a thicker lava flow.
b. is a much older planet.
d. has no moving tectonic plates.
____ 13. Impact craters are caused by
a. solar bursts.
b. atmospheric changes.
c. exploding volcanoes.
d. collisions with objects in space.
____ 14. Which of the following planets experiences a runaway greenhouse effect?
a. Venus
c. Mars
b. Pluto
d. Earth
____ 15. The factors that contribute to Mercury’s daily temperature fluctuation of about 600°C are the planet’s slow
rotation and
a. its close proximity to the sun.
b. its dense atmosphere.
c. its heavy, rocky, waterless terrain.
d. the absence of an ozone layer to regulate temperature.
____ 16. Which of the following is NOT true of the planet Pluto?
a. It has methane icecaps.
c. It is not a gas giant.
b. It orbits the sun in an ellipse.
d. It is a large planet.
____ 17. A region of the solar system just beyond Neptune’s orbit, which contains small bodies made mostly of ice, is
called
a. the Kuiper belt.
c. an asteroid belt.
b. the outer atmosphere.
d. Quasar.
____ 18. Which of the following planets is similar to Uranus in terms of its size and mass?
a. Pluto
c. Saturn
b. Neptune
d. Jupiter
____ 19. Neptune’s Great Dark Spot is a(n)
a. giant canyon.
b. giant storm.
c. vast ocean.
d. area that never faces the sun.
____ 20. The least dense planet in the solar system is
a. Jupiter.
b. Neptune.
c. Saturn.
d. Uranus.
____ 21. The right combination of temperature, water, and oxygen
a. affects Neptune’s orbit.
c. supports life on Earth.
b. causes gas giants to form.
d. results in storms on Jupiter.
____ 22. Kepler’s first law states that planets orbit the sun in paths called
a. ellipses.
c. epicycles.
b. circles.
d. periods.
____ 23. Young Earth formed a core, mantle, and crust in a process called
a. layering.
c. dispersion.
b. settling.
d. differentiation.
____ 24. Early fresh water oceans became salty when
a. rainwater carried dissolved solid rock to the oceans.
b. coral reefs created a salty ocean bottom.
c. salt particles fell from the atmosphere into the oceans.
d. floods carried salty soil to the deltas and then into the oceans.
____ 25. The two inner planets most alike in size, mass, and density are
a. Mercury and Venus.
c. Venus and Earth.
b. Earth and Mars.
d. Mars and Mercury.
____ 26. Kepler’s third law describes the relationship between the average distance of a planet from the sun and the
planet’s
a. orbital period.
c. gravitational pull.
b. average temperature.
d. inertia.
____ 27. Which planet has volcanic regions that may still be active?
a. Mercury
c. Saturn
b. Pluto
d. Mars
____ 28. Kepler’s second law states that equal areas are covered in equal amounts of time as an object
a. spins on its axis.
c. orbits the sun.
b. travels one light year.
d. completes an eclipse.
____ 29. Which of the following planets has the most complex ring system?
a. Neptune
c. Uranus
b. Jupiter
d. Saturn
____ 30. The early atmosphere developed when many volcanic eruptions released large amounts of gases in a process
called
a. lava flow.
c. combustion.
b. outgassing.
d. ozone.
____ 31. Which of the following planets has seasons like Earth’s because its axis tilts at an almost identical angle?
a. Mercury
c. Pluto
b. Venus
d. Mars
____ 32. Which of the following separates the outer planets from the inner planets?
a. the asteroid belt
c. the Kuiper belt
b. the Great Red Spot
d. a large magnetic field
____ 33. A rotating cloud of gas and dust from which Earth’s solar system formed is called a(n)
a. solar nebula.
c. solar eclipse.
b. supernova.
d. astronomical explosion.
____ 34. When the solar system formed, smaller bodies joined together through collision and the force of gravity to
form larger bodies called
a. moons.
c. planetesimals.
b. protoplanets.
d. planets.
____ 35. Jupiter’s Great Red Spot is a
a. vast canyon.
b. raging storm.
c. frozen ocean.
d. massive volcano.
____ 36. The majority of Jupiter is made up of
a. nitrogen and oxygen.
b. rock and water.
c. helium and oxygen.
d. hydrogen and helium.
____ 37. Uranus’s axis
a. moves in a predictable manner.
b. is perpendicular to its plane of orbit.
c. is almost parallel to its plane of orbit.
d. flips once per orbit around the sun.
____ 38. Around the core of Earth is an iron- and magnesium-rich rock layer called the
a. atmosphere.
c. crust.
b. mantle.
d. magma.
____ 39. When fast-moving planets pass slow-moving planets in their orbits, why does it appear as though planets that
orbit more slowly than Earth are moving backward?
a. because of retrograde motion
c. because of retraction
b. because of reverse activity
d. because of reflective movement
____ 40. Planets that circle stars other than Earth’s sun are called
a. nebulas.
c. planetesimals.
b. moons.
d. exoplanets.
____ 41. The asteroid belt can be found between which two planets?
a. Earth and Mars
c. Mars and Jupiter
b. Jupiter and Saturn
d. Saturn and Uranus
____ 42. Small bodies from which planets originated during the early formation of the solar system are called
a. comets.
c. asteroids.
b. planetesimals.
d. protoplanets.