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Chapter 16 Practice Multiple Choice (PMC)
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Section 16-1 Geological Processes
____ 1. The asthenosphere is
a. the outer atmosphere.
b. the inner core of Earth.
c. a plastic region in the crust.
d. a plastic region in the mantle.
____ 2. Which
a.
b.
c.
d.
of the following is the source of most nonrenewable resources we use?
core
asthenosphere
mantle
crust
____ 3. The earth zone with the most volume and mass?
a. lithosphere
b. core
c. crust
d. mantle
Section 16-2 Internal and External Earth Processes
____ 4. The majority of earthquakes and volcanoes occur
a. in the interior of continents.
b. on oceanic islands.
c. along the edge of continents.
d. in the open ocean.
____ 5. A _____ is not one of the three types of boundaries between lithospheric plates?
a. transform fault
b. mantel fault
c. convergent plate boundary
d. divergent plate boundary
____ 6. The movement of the lithospheric plates is significant because is
a. explains the formation of waterfalls and river canyons.
b. predicts were certain natural hazards are likely to be found.
c. explains the formation of ocean currents.
d. predicts where endangered species might be found.
Section 16-3 Natural Hazards: Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions
____ 7. An earthquake reported as magnitude 9 would be considered
a. insignificant.
b. minor.
c. damaging.
d. great.
____ 8. Ejecta
a.
b.
c.
d.
is
debris released from a volcano.
substances injected into faults to relieve pressure.
material released from rifts on the floor of the ocean.
the depressed region inside the cone of an inactive volcano.
____ 9. Secondary effects of earthquakes include all of the following except
a. urban fires.
b. shaking and permanent vertical displacement of the ground.
c. damaged coastal areas.
d. mass wasting.
Section 16-4 Minerals, Rocks, and the Rock Cycle
____ 10. Lava is an example of ____ rock.
a. Metamorphic
b. Igneous
c. Sedimentary
d. Plasticized
____ 11. Which of the following is not characteristic of a mineral?
a. crystal structure
b. organic
c. naturally occurring
d. solid
____ 12. Igneous rocks
a. are important sources of many non-fuel mineral resources.
b. include limestone and shale.
c. are always formed on the surface.
d. include schist and gneiss
____ 13. One reason manganese-rich nodules are an attractive resource is that
a. they contain several other important minerals.
b. mining them entails few political problems.
c. mining them is ecologically harmless.
d. mining them is cheap.
SECTION 16-5 FINDING, REMOVING, AND PROCESSING NONRENEWABLE
MINERAL RESCOURCES
____ 14. Mining deposits are found by
a. information about plate tectonics.
b. aerial photos.
c. studies of magnetic directional fields.
d. all of these answers.
____ 15. One example of subsurface mining is
a. dredging.
b. contour strip mining.
c. longwall mining.
d. area strip mining.
____ 16. Compared to subsurface mining, surface mining
a. is more dangerous.
b. is more expensive.
c. disturbs more land.
d. produces less waste material.
SECTION 16-6 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF EXTRACTING, PROCESSING AND...
____ 17. Mining can cause
a. collapse of land.
b. acid mine drainage.
c. spoils heaps and tailings.
d. all of these answers.
____ 18. Waste soil and rock removed during surface mining is called
a. hazardous waste.
b. spoil.
c. gangue.
d. tailings.
____ 19. Acid
a.
b.
c.
d.
mine drainage
occurs when anaerobic bacteria produce nitric acids from nitric oxide.
enhances aquatic life.
neutralizes the pH of surface waters.
may contaminate groundwater.
SECTION 16-7 SUPPLIES MINERAL RESOURCES
____ 20. When a resource has been economically depleted, we can
a. recycle or reuse what has already been extracted.
b. cut down on unnecessary waste of the resource.
c. find a substitute.
d. all of these answers.
____ 21. The industrialized country that came close to meeting all of its mineral resource needs was
a. the former Soviet Union.
b. Australia.
c. Germany.
d. Brazil.
____ 22. All of the following are minerals for which the United States has no reserves and depends on
imports except
a. chromium.
b. platinum.
c. potash.
d. cobalt.
____ 23. Continental shelf deposits are significant sources of all of the following except
a. manganese nodules.
b. oil and natural gas.
c. phosphates.
d. sand.
____ 24. High-strength plastics and composite materials strengthened by carbon and glass fibers are
advantageous because they are
a. stronger than metal.
b. expensive because they use less energy.
c. easily molded into any shape and don't need painting.
d. all of these answers.
____ 25. Which of the following would be easiest to find a substitute for?
a. phosphates
b. helium
c. steel
d. copper