Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Developmental biology wikipedia , lookup
History of biology wikipedia , lookup
Precambrian body plans wikipedia , lookup
Triclocarban wikipedia , lookup
Soil microbiology wikipedia , lookup
Microbial mat wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary history of life wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Biology Life without Oxygen Name: _____________ Period: ___ Date:________ Drill: Add the listed characteristics to the Venn diagram to compare photosynthesis and cell respiration. O2 H2O C6H12O6 Plant cells Animal cells Capturing Energy Releasing Energy Light Energy Energy stored as ATP Chloroplast Mitochondria CO2 Pause here! Biology Life without Oxygen Name: _____________ Period: ___ Date:________ Hydrothermal Vents and Chemosynthesis: A Habitat in the Dark Hydrothermal vents are deep, dark locations on the sea floor which release high temperature fluids and chemicals into the ocean water above. They are usually found in areas of volcanic activity. Even though we might consider this to be a harsh environment, hydrothermal vents are abundant with life. In fact, more than 300 species live around the vents and are unique to this type of environment. These Tubeworms in a Hydrothermal Vent creatures include tubeworms, fish, crabs, shrimp, clams, and chemosynthetic bacteria. These organisms have learned to survive in the complete darkness, the extremely hot vent water and the tremendous water pressure. Hydrothermal vents are so deep that light is unable to penetrate. Without light, plants are unable to perform the process of photosynthesis. Therefore, plants are unable to form the basis of the food chain as they do where light is available. Organisms in hydrothermal vents must acquire energy in another way. Animals at these depths depend on bacteria that are able to convert chemicals such as sulfur found in the vent's fluids into energy through the Crabs, Worms and Mussels in a process of chemosynthesis. Larger Hydrothermal Vent animals then eat the chemosynthetic bacteria, or eat the animals that eat the bacteria. In other vent creatures, the chemosynthetic bacteria live inside their bodies. Some organisms, such as the tubeworms, that live around the vents do not have a mouth or even a digestive tract as we do. The bacteria actually live inside their bodies and provide nutrients directly to the organisms' tissues. Adapted From: http://www.onr.navy.mil/focus/ocean/habitats/vents2.htm Biology Life without Oxygen Name: _____________ Period: ___ Date:________ Analysis 1. What are the characteristics of a hydrothermal vent environment? 2. What type of organisms live in hydrothermal vents? 3. What type of organism normally forms the basis of all food chains? 4. Why are these organisms unable to survive in hydrothermal vents? 5. What do organisms in hydrothermal vents depend upon for energy? 6. What is chemosynthesis? Biology Life without Oxygen Name: _____________ Period: ___ Date:________ PHOTOSYNTHESIS vs. CHEMOSYNTHESIS The prefix photo means light. The prefix chemo means chemicals. The word synthesis means to make. 1. Using the information above write a one sentence definition of photosynthesis. 2. Using the information above write a one sentence definition of chemosynthesis. Examine the chemical equations for photosynthesis and chemosynthesis and follow the directions below. Photosynthesis: CO2 + H2O + Light C6H12O6 + O2 ____________________________________________________________ Chemosynthesis: CO2 + H2O + H2S C6H12O6 + H2SO4 _____________________________________________________________ 1. Write the reactants and products of each equation in words on the lines above. (Hint: H2S = hydrogen sulfide and S = sulfur) 2. If the reactants and/or products are the same in each equations, cross them out. (This will help you identify how the equations differ!) 3. Record the differing products and reactants in the table below. PHOTOSYNTHESIS DIFFERING REACTANTS DIFFERING PRODUCTS CHEMOSYNTHESIS Biology Life without Don’t flip over yourOxygen sheet! Name: _____________ Period: ___ Date:________ Chemosynthesis Photosynthesis Cell Respiration -Capture Energy -Release Energy -Chloroplast -Mitochondria -Plants -Animals -O2 -H20 -C6H12O6 -CO2 -H2SO4 -H2S -Energy -Light Energy -ATP Energy -Chemical Energy -Deep Sea Vents -Normal Plants in the dark