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Work Book
Biology 11
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This workbook belongs to:
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Biology 11
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Spring 2013
The Respiratory System
What is does:
The job of your respiratory system is very simple: To bring oxygen into your body, and remove
the carbon dioxide from your body. Your body needs oxygen to survive.
Why does your body need oxygen?
Oxygen is used by your cells as it carries out the functions of life. As your body uses oxygen,
your cells produce another gas known as carbon dioxide. Too much carbon dioxide can be toxic,
even deadly. For this reason, it is important that your body have a way to get rid of it.
What are the parts of the respiratory system?
The main organs in your respiratory
system are your lungs. As you breathe
in, you fill the lungs with fresh oxygenrich air. Your heart pumps blood into
the walls of your lungs where it absorbs
oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. As
you exhale, or breathe out, you release
the carbon dioxide-rich air into the
space around you. With each breath,
you are taking oxygen in, and putting
carbon dioxide out.
From your lungs, blood returns back
into your heart where it is pumped out
to the rest of your body, carrying
oxygen along with it.
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Biology 11
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Let’s follow a breath of air through the system:
Air enters the respiratory system
through the mouth or nose. Sometimes
we call these the oral (mouth) and nasal
(nose) cavities.
The nose has tiny hairs inside it that
help catch dirt and other substances in
the air. The mucus (which we
sometimes call “snot”) acts like a glue
to catch the bad stuff in the air. We can
then blow our nose to remove the bad
stuff before it makes its way to our
delicate lungs.
The nose also helps to warn the air
before it reaches the lungs. Have you
ever noticed that it hurts to breathe
really cold air into your lungs on a very
cold winter day?
The mouth is also another way air can
enter the respiratory system. This
entrance is much larger and let’s a lot more air into the system. This is very helpful when you
need a lot of air, like when you are exercising.
Q1.
At night when you are calm and relaxed in bed, do you tend to breathe through your
nose or your mouth? Why do you think you do this?
Q2.
During gym class or a sports activity (like basketball or jogging) do you tend to
breathe through your mouth or nose? Why do you think this is the case?
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Biology 11
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Try this:
Sit quietly for 5 minutes; try to breathe through your nose. Count how many breaths you
make during 1 minute. Now run in one spot as fast as you can for 2 minutes. Stop and count
your breaths for 1 minute. How did your breathing rate change? How did the method (nose
or mouth) of breathing change?
The air pathway continued
Once the air has entered your body (either by the mouth or nose), it moves into your throat. The
throat is also known as the pharynx. It travels down the throat and passes the larynx. The larynx
is a fancy name for your vocal cords. As
air passes over the larynx, it allows us to
make sounds and to speak. It produces
the sound of our voice.
The air is then ready to enter into the tube
to the lungs. To get into this tube, the air
passes the epiglottis. The epiglottis is just
a flap of skin that stops food from
accidently getting into your lungs. Have
you ever started coughing because “food
went down the wrong way”? This just
means that the epiglottis was open when
you tried to swallow your food so a little
slipped past into the air way. Laughing or
talking during eating can cause this to
happen; another reason why you should
not talk with your mouth full.
Now the air is in your wind pipe, also
known as the trachea. The trachea is
bumpy. You can feel it if you rub the
front of your neck. It feels a little like a vacuum
cleaner hose.
Down in your chest, your trachea splits into two
smaller branches that lead to each of your lungs.
These are called the bronchi (bronchus is what
we call just one of them). Just like a tree
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Biology 11
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branches, so do the bronchi. They branch into smaller tubes called bronchioles.
At the end of the bronchioles are many, many tiny sacs called alveoli. It is here at the end of the
pathway that oxygen from the air passes into the blood (held in the tiny blood vessels called
capillaries) and carbon dioxide, a poisonous gas, passes out of the blood and into the alveoli (of
the lungs) to reverse the path of the air and leave the body.
The muscle called the diaphragm at the bottom of your rib cage helps to inflate and deflate your
lungs.
Try this:
Label the diagram of the respiratory system below:
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Biology 11
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What is cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration is a set of chemical reactions that take place in each and every one of your
trillions of cells in your body. The goal of these reactions is to release the energy that is locked up
in the foods we eat so we can use that energy to do other jobs needed inside our cells.
Oxygen is brought into the body in the respiratory system.
Food, which is broken down into the simplest sugar know as glucose, is brought into the body by
the digestive system.
The circulatory system brings the oxygen and the glucose to each of the cells of the body. Inside
the cells, the oxygen breaks the glucose and releases the stored energy. The energy is captured
in tiny packages, called ATP.
The waste created during that reaction is carbon dioxide and water.
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Here is the formula for the reaction:
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP (energy)
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Biology 11
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Respiratory System
Test your knowledge
Name_________________________________________
Date___________________
1.
Draw a picture of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs below. Label each part clearly.
2.
What round structure is at the end of every bronchiole? What happens there?
3.
People who have asthma sometimes have “asthma attacks”, which means their bronchioles swell up and
close. Why do you think an asthma attack makes it difficult to breathe?
4.
Smoking cigarettes makes your alveoli less elastic (or “stretchy”), so they can’t expand as much.
Explain why people who smoke often may have trouble breathing.
5.
Explain one way that the circulatory system (blood system) is important to the respiratory system.
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Biology 11
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Complete the following sentences about the respiratory system:
1)
Air can enter the respiratory system through your mouth or your n____________________________.
2)
Your nose has tiny h________________________ that help to clean dirt our of the air so it doesn’t get
into your lungs.
3)
Another name for the back of the throat is the p____________________________.
4)
Another name for your vocal cords is your l________________________________.
5)
The e___________________________________ is a flap of skin that helps to keep food out of your wind
pipe.
6)
Another name for your windpipe is the t____________________________________.
7)
The t_________________ is a bumpy tube that feels like a vacuum cleaner hose at the front of your neck.
8)
The trachea splits into two b___________________________ which lead to each of your lungs.
9)
At the very end of all the branches in your lungs are tiny sacs called a____________________________.
10)
Oxygen passes out of the alveoli and into the tiny blood vessels called c___________________________.
11) What is the job of the respiratory system?
12) What is cellular respiration? How is it different from breathing?
13) What is the chemical formula for cellular respiration?
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Biology 11
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Respiratory System Labelling Test
Name: ________________________________________________
Date: __________________________
Label the following diagram without using your notes. Include the words in the box in your diagram.
Diaphragm
Trachea
Nose
Left Bronchus
Mouth
Right Lung
Larynx
Right Bronchus
Pharynx
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Epiglottis
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Work Book
Biology 11
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