Download PSFA Trench Rescue

PSFA Trench Rescue
Relevant Reference Material
Introduction
Why do trench accidents occur??
-Complacency
-Shortcutting of safety-Lack of recognition of-Failure to recognize-Lack of-“Pushing” a bad situation
Anatomy of a Trench
-Trench-Trenches are narrow __________________ made below the surface of the
ground. In general, the depth is greater than the width. However, the width of a trench is
not greater than ___ feet. An excavation is also considered to be a trench
-In reality, an open grave waiting for an occupant
Inherent trench problems
Natural and man made forces began acting immediately to close a trench once its been
created
These forces overcome the strength of the soil composition and cause the trench to
eventually collapse
Dirt Dynamics
-1 cubic foot of dirt weighs ___ lbs
-1 cubic yard of dirt weighs 2,700-3,500 lbs
-1 cubic foot of dirt will fill ____ 1 gallon buckets
-1 cubic yard of dirt will fill _____ 1 gallon buckets
Soil Types
-Type ___-Most stable:clay, silty clay and hardpan (resists penetration) No soil is type A
if it is fissured, is subject to vibration of any type, has previously been disturbed or has
seeping water
-Type ___-Medium stability:silt, sandy loam, medium clay and unstable dry rock,
previously disturbed soils unless otherwise classified as Type C. Soils that meet the
requirements of Type A soil but are fissured or subject to vibration
Soil Types continued:
Soil Effects on Victim
Traumatic Asphyxiation
– Soil
– Causes
Impact crushes the victim:
– Breaking
– Causing internal
– Causing soft
Victim Survival Profile
Time is the biggest factor
-8-10 min.’s for response
-6-10 min.’s for initial assessment
-18” of dirt = 2500-3500 pounds
-Hazard Risk Assessment Profile needs to be considered
Types of Trench Accidents
Slough In (cave in)
Side wall shear
Trench Terminology
Padding the Lip
Trench Terms
Trench Terms
Terms
Trench
Terms
Making the Trench Safe
-Three ways to “safe” a trench:
– 1.-Slope
– 2.– 3.Sloping the angle of repose and benching require backhoes as well as additional
manpower.
Shoring operations require well trained coordinated rescuers
Shoring Basics
Shoring Types
Shoring Types
Shoring
Types
Shielding
Shoring Operations
-Shores should be located ____-______ from the floor and the lip of the trench
-Shores should be no more than ____” apart vertically
-Placement of the first shore should be from the _________________ of the trench using
hydraulic/pneumatic shoring (shores should not be placed directly above the
_____________)
Pneumatic Shoring Order
-First shore should be placed in the ______________ of the upright
-Second shore is placed in the _________ of the upright
-Third shore is paced in the ____________ of the upright
– shores are lowered by lowering lines directed by the shoring officer then “shot”
Shooting Shores
After shore is lowered and is in place (level), the following commands are to be given by
shoring officer:
– “Prepare to Shoot”
– “Shoot”
– Pneumatic shores are shot at _______ psi and released at _________ psi
Timbering
-The first shore is placed at the ____ of the upright and requires the rescuer to enter the
trench on a ladder
-The second shore or middle shore is placed in the __________ of the upright, again
forcing rescuer further in the trench on a ladder
-Last shore is placed on the __________ of the trench above trench floor
Hazard Control
-Hazards may include:
– Electrical
– Ruptured
– Broken
– Workers
–
– Falling
– O2
Vibration from:
– Operating
– Nearby
– Responding
Rescue Operations
Safety First
-Appropriate PPE:
– Dress for success, right gear should include head, hand, foot, eye, ear and
respiratory protection as appropriate.
-Make the general area safe:
– Establish a __________, ____________ and ____________ zone
Safe the General Area
First arriving apparatus:
– Stops and is turned off no less than _____ from the dispatched location. This
becomes the _______ zone
– Establish command and designate a _________ area for other other responders
with equipment/apparatus.
– Assign aCold/Hot Zone
Cold Zone Staging should exceed ________’or more from trench incident site
Hot Zone Area:
– Should extend _____’ in all directions around the site
– Use fire line tape, rope, etc. to mark these zones
Outer Circle Check
Restrict entry to site
Eliminate sources of vibration, stop and shut down construction equipment
Identify witnesses to the accident if any
Identify job foreman
Begin to establish incident perimeters
Inner Circle Check
Approach site from end of trench
Identify victim location (if possible) using witnesses, location of trench failure, surveyors
markers etc.
Identify number ofEstablish patient/victim condition if possible
Making the Rescue Scene Safe
Inner Circle Check
How is the patient ______________?
-totally buried, if so, where??
-trapped by utilities
Where???
– Don’t forget to consider Hazard Risk Assessment Profile
– Direct non trapped workers out of trench
Establish full command structure
Operations: 4 Team Approach
1.2.3.4.Excavation
Coordinates operation for ____________ (if needed)
Initiates/completes _____________ safety
Removes spoil pile, reduce angle of _____________
Monitoring
Monitors trench during entire rescue operation
Establishes __________________ in all levels of trench
Establishes back-up ventilation in case of primary ventilation failure
Shoring
Shores ____________ with pneumatic, hydraulic, timber shoring
Establishes cutting table if needed
Establishes _________ supply for pneumatics with back up supply
Under control of a shoring officer
Rescue
Prepares and executes ___________________ procedures
Patient/victim packaging
Patient/victim removal
Rope system if needed (4:1, 5:1)
A-Frame/gin pole if needed
Rescue
Disentanglement procedures:
-Remove dirt/soil away from victim, accomplished by hand digging and buckets
-Clear the __________ and _________ if victim caught in collapse in this position
-Secure patient using acceptable devices
(LBB, LSP, Reeves, Stokes, Harnesses)
Rescue
Be prepared for vertical extrication:
– Consider ____________ (engine co. task) construction away from hot zone and
radio for it when ready
– Mechanical advantage system needed
– Shoring position may be impede vertical ___________ removal
Summary