Download Geology Test

1. Magma that cools very quickly develops a
a. Coarse-grained texture (large crystals)
b. Fragmented texture (broken crystals)
c. Bubbly texture
d. Fine-grained texture (small crystals)
2. Rocks formed by cooling from a molten state are
a. Precipitated rocks.
b. Igneous rocks.
c. Sedimentary rocks.
d. Metamorphic rocks.
3. Rocks altered by heat and pressure beneath the Earth’s surface are
a. Intrusive igneous rocks
b. Extrusive sedimentary rocks
c. Metamorphic rocks
d. Igneous rocks
4. The Earth’s magnetic field is generated in
a. Space
b. The crust
c. The mantle
d. The core
5. The thickness of the Earth’s crust
a. Varies from about 5 km under the continents to about 35 km under the oceans.
b. On average is about 5 km
c. On average is about 35 km.
d. Varies from about 5 km under the oceans to about 35 km under the continents
6. The Earth’s magnetic record is recorded
a. By certain sedimentary rocks
b. In minerals that align themselves with the Earth’s magnetic field.
c. By rocks at the north and south poles.
7. The ocean crust
a. Becomes progressively younger away from the mid-ocean ridges
b. Is the same worldwide.
c. Becomes progressively older away from the mid-ocean ridges
d. Ranges in age, the oldest ocean crust is in the Atlantic and the youngest ocean crust is in
the Arctic.
8. Most of Earth’s seismic activity, volcanism and mountain building occur along
a. Convergent boundaries
b. Divergent boundaries
c. Plate boundaries
d. Transform fault boundaries
9. Convergent boundaries are areas of
a. Regions of great mountain building
b. Areas of plate subduction
c. Regions of plate collision
d. All of these
10. Divergent boundaries are areas of
a. Crustal formation
b. Crustal destruction
c. Continuous, high magnitude earthquakes
d. Intense compressional forces.
11. A fossil of evidence that an organism once existed in a certain spot is called
a. Replaced remains
b. Mold or cast
c. Trace fossil
d. Original remains
12. What rock type/s can contain fossils?
a. sedimentary
b. metamorphic
c. igneous
d. all of the above
13. What rock is made from magma?
a. igneous
b. sedimentary
c. metamorphic
d. all of the above
14. Which type of plate boundary doesn’t create or destroy the crust, but it can create earthquakes?
a. divergent boundary
b. convergent boundary
c. transform fault boundary
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
15. What happens at a transform fault boundary?
a. plates move towards each other
b. mountain building
c. earthquakes
d. volcanoes
e. plates slide past each other
f. a and b
g. c and e
16. What kind of deformation of the crust happens quickly?
a. faults
b. folding
c. subduction
17. The diagrams below show the crystals of four different rocks viewed through the same hand lens.
Which crystals
most likely formed
from molten
material that
cooled and
solidified most
rapidly?
18. The block diagram below shows the bedrock age as measured by radioactive dating and the
present location of part of the Hawaiian Island chain. These volcanic islands may have formed as
the Pacific Plate moved over a mantle hot spot.
This diagram provides evidence that the
Pacific Crustal Plate was moving toward the
a.
b.
c.
d.
south
east
southwest
northwest
19. Base your answer to the question below on the geologic cross section below, which shows a view
of rock layers at Earth’s surface. The dashed lines connect points of the same age. Major fossils
contained within each rock layer are shown. The valleys are labeled X, Y, and Z.
In this region, valley X is more deeply eroded than either valley Y or valley Z. The most likely
explanation for this occurrence is that the metamorphic rock near X has been
a. weakened by faulting
b. folded by pressure
c. intruded by melted rock
d. covered by sedimentary rocks
20. In which Earth layer are most convection currents that cause seafloor spreading throught to be
located?
a. crust
b. asthenosphere
c. outer core
d. outer core
21. Base your answer to this question on the diagram below, which shows a portion of Earth’s
interior. Point A is a location on the interface between layers. The arrows shown in the
asthenosphere represent the inferred slow circulation of the plastic mantle by a process called
a. insolation
b. convection
c. conduction
d. radiation
e. llama force
22. The absolute age of a rock is the approximate number of years ago that the rock formed. The
absolute age of an igneous rock can best be determined by
a. comparing the amounts of decayed and undecayed radioactive isotopes in the rock
b. comparing the sizes of the crystals found in the upper and lower parts of the rock
c. examining the rock’s relative position in a rock outcrop
d. examining the environment in which the rock is found
23. Base your answer to this question on the geologic cross section below. Overturning has not
occurred. The dike and sills shown in the cross section are igneous intrusions. Which rock type is
the oldest?
24. The diagram below shows the bedrock structure beneath a series of hills. Which process was
primarily responsible for forming the hills?
a. folding
b. faulting
c. deposition
d. vulcanism
25. The models below represent the decay of radioactive atoms to stable atoms after their first and
second half lives. Your answer will be a number for this question not a letter.
26. The folding of rock layers G through C was most likely caused by
a. erosion of overlying sediments
b. the collision of lithospheric plates
c. contact metamorphism
d. the extrusion of igneous rock
27. Which two letters represent bedrock of the same age?
a. A and E
b. F and G
c. B and D
d. D and H
Use the following diagram to answer the next five questions.
28. Which rock layer is the oldest?
29. Which rock layer is the younger H or Y?
30. What is Y called?
31. What is X called?
32. What is H called?
Base your answers to the next three questions on the picture below:
33. Identify the feature indicated by the letter A.
34. Identify the plate boundary that is causing an increase in distance between South America and
Africa.
35. What does the Law of Superposition tell us?
36. Draw a diagram of the Rock Cycle that includes at least the following: sedimentary, metamorphic,
igneous, sediments, melting, solidification, erosion, heat and pressure.