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MS Studies Ch. 5 Ch. 5 Secession & Civil War • Slavery ___________ was viewed as a potential problem dating back to the drafting of the U.S. Constitution • By 1819, slavery was the ___________ political issue in the U.S. The Missouri Compromise • ________ U.S. had _____ states. 11 free states. 11 slave states • _____ State – State that did not allow slavery • ______ State – State that did allow slavery • Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state • Intense debates erupted in U.S. Congress • __________ ____________ was created. • Missouri was admitted as slave state • _______ admitted as a free state • Slavery __________ in the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase north of 36°30’ N Antislavery Movement • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1817 ________ __________ Society formed. Offered to send free blacks back to ___________ (Liberia) ____ __________ Society formed 1831. Many people wanted to end slavery, but no person knew the proper way. Nullification Crisis & States’ Rights _______ Rights – the principle that the rights of the individual state should prevail over the rights of the federal government. Many _______ believed deeply in states’ rights 1832 ______ __________ challenged the U.S. tariff saying that they had the right as a state to _______ this U.S. law. S. Carolina threatened to ________ A compromise reduced the tariff, but a law was passed that denied the states the right to nullify a national law ______________ were divided on this issue. The Compromise of 1850 1846 U.S. gained new lands from ________ and the Missouri Compromise did not apply to them. By ______ ____________ was ready for statehood & wanted to be free. Issue was raised “________ or ________” _____________ of ________ solved the issue • California admitted as ______ state • Slavery in new territories would be determined by ________ _____________ (means a vote by those living there) Page 1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • South got a ________ fugitive slave law Slavery Issues _________-__________ Act passed 1854 • Said Pop. Sovereignty would decide _______ issue • Led to violence and wars known as “__________ ________” or “_________ ________” 1854 _____________ Party created to stop ___________ of slavery 1857 Supreme Court rules that _______ __________ was property and that slavery could expand into territories. 1859 _______ ________ leads a raid against an armory at __________ Ferry Virginia. • He hoped to start a slave revolt, but he was captured and executed MS & Secession ___________ were divided. They loved the U.S., but also loved ________. _____________ (withdrawal from the Union) was not accepted by most Mississippians during the 1850’s. They wanted U.S. Congress to __________ slavery By 1859 most Mississippians felt like _____________ was the only answer to the slave question. 1860 Presidential Election Democrats divided • ____________ Democrats nominated John C. ____________ (U.S. Vice President) • ______________ Democrats nominated Stephen ______________ ___________ Party nominated John _______ ___________ Party nominated __________ ___________ Lincoln won the election (Breckenridge carried the south) Secession Dec. 20, ________ _________ ____________ seceded from the union MS called a state convention. • MS delegates voted 84 – 15 in favor of secession • Jan. 9, 1861 _____ became 2nd state to secede from the Union AL, GA, FL, LA, & TX followed. Feb. 1861 delegates from each state met in _____________, AL and formed the _____________ ___________ of ________________ (new government) __________ ____________ was selected as the President & Montgomery, AL was the __________ When VA seceded from the Union, the capital was moved to _____________, VA. War Begins April 1861, Confederate forces fire on Fort ____________ in _____________, South Carolina when a resupply is attempted. President _____________ called for troops to put down the rebellion. VA, NC, TN, & AR seceded. Both sides thought they could win Page 2 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • South had better __________ & thought foreign nations would support them • North had more ________ and ____________ than the south. MS River The ____ ___________ was a key component to the Union’s success during the war. Gen. _________ S. __________ commanded Union forces in the _______ Gen. _________ Sidney ____________ commanded Confederate troops in the ________. March 1862 Gen. Johnston is defending __________, MS. Gen. Grant has a fort at Shiloh (TN). Battle of Shiloh ___________ attacks ___________ on April 6 beginning the Battle of __________. Johnston is killed during the battle. Gen. P.G. T. ____________ takes command of southern forces. South advances on Day 1, but on Day 2 reinforced Union forces cause a ____________ retreat back to Corinth. Shiloh was the _____________ battle of the war to that point. ________ & ___________ were later abandoned by the Confederates. Battle for Vicksburg ____________ was vital. It sat within a great _______ in the ____ ________. The city was well fortified and sat atop high bluffs. Vicksburg was a key _________ point for the Confederacy. Union tried to dig a _______ on the LA side of the river to avoid Vicksburg. This failed. Dec. 1862 Union Gen. _________ Tecumseh _________ begins a direct attack against Vicksburg from the North. Attack Fails Battle for Vicksburg (Cont.) Grant tries to dig a canal to bypass Vicksburg, but this fails due to Confederate _________ fire. Grant moves his forces south of Vicksburg through LA. Grant attacked & captured _____________, MS in May 1863 & then led a _________ attack on Vicksburg. Vicksburg was ______________, but numerous attacks failed Grant laid ______________ to Vicksburg for 6 weeks Vicksburg fell ______ ____, 1863 (same day as Gettysburg victory) After Vicksburg Grant named ___________ of all _________ Forces General William T. Sherman commands Union troops in the West Sherman captured ________, MS in Feb. 1864 (RR Depot) Sherman moved on to ______________ Page 3 • Sherman kept MS Generals ___________ ___________ ______________ and Stephen Lee off of his supply lines by constantly raiding North & East MS • Late 1864 Sherman makes his famous “________ to the _________” (from Atlanta to Savannah, GA) War Ends • • March 1865 _____________, VA falls to the Union. • • MS & AL troops surrendered on ______ 4, 1865 at Citronelle, AL • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • April 1865 _________ E. __________ surrenders at _____________ Court House, VA Jefferson Davis was captured on May 10, 1865 in ____________, GA MS Numbers _______________ Mississippians fought for the Confederacy About _________ Mississippians fought for the Union Army ________________ MS slaves or freedmen fought for the Union Army MS had about _______________ dead at the end of the Civil War. MS’s Homefront Those at home did what they could • ______ joined the service • Women made _________ or were ________ • Everyone supported the state or opposed in silence MS tried to have _________ politics but it was impossible. ___________ became worthless in the south. People did not have • ________ wax, ______, ________ & __________ (corn, okra, sweet potatoes used instead), Slave Revolts were feared Union Soldiers took what they wanted and in many cases destroyed everything else. End of Slavery During war many southern ____________ fled to Union army camps. Some stayed on the ___________ Blacks joined ___________ army and mainly performed ___________ roles. By end of war blacks were actively ____________ for the Union • Blacks were ________ _______ and usually given menial tasks. 1862 ___________ ____________ issued. Freed slaves in the seceding states. Dec. 1865 ________- Amendment abolished slavery Page 4