Download MS Studies Ch. 5

MS Studies Ch. 5
Ch. 5 Secession & Civil War
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Slavery
___________ was viewed as a potential problem dating back to the drafting of the
U.S. Constitution
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By 1819, slavery was the ___________ political issue in the U.S.
The Missouri Compromise
• ________ U.S. had _____ states. 11 free states. 11 slave states
• _____ State – State that did not allow slavery
• ______ State – State that did allow slavery
• Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state
• Intense debates erupted in U.S. Congress
• __________ ____________ was created.
• Missouri was admitted as slave state
• _______ admitted as a free state
• Slavery __________ in the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase north of 36°30’ N
Antislavery Movement
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1817 ________ __________ Society formed. Offered to send free blacks back to
___________ (Liberia)
____ __________ Society formed 1831.
Many people wanted to end slavery, but no person knew the proper way.
Nullification Crisis & States’ Rights
_______ Rights – the principle that the rights of the individual state should prevail
over the rights of the federal government.
Many _______ believed deeply in states’ rights
1832 ______ __________ challenged the U.S. tariff saying that they had the right as a
state to _______ this U.S. law.
S. Carolina threatened to ________
A compromise reduced the tariff, but a law was passed that denied the states the right
to nullify a national law
______________ were divided on this issue.
The Compromise of 1850
1846 U.S. gained new lands from ________ and the Missouri Compromise did not
apply to them.
By ______ ____________ was ready for statehood & wanted to be free.
Issue was raised “________ or ________”
_____________ of ________ solved the issue
• California admitted as ______ state
• Slavery in new territories would be determined by ________ _____________
(means a vote by those living there)
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• South got a ________ fugitive slave law
Slavery Issues
_________-__________ Act passed 1854
• Said Pop. Sovereignty would decide _______ issue
• Led to violence and wars known as “__________ ________” or “_________
________”
1854 _____________ Party created to stop ___________ of slavery
1857 Supreme Court rules that _______ __________ was property and that slavery
could expand into territories.
1859 _______ ________ leads a raid against an armory at __________ Ferry Virginia.
• He hoped to start a slave revolt, but he was captured and executed
MS & Secession
___________ were divided. They loved the U.S., but also loved ________.
_____________ (withdrawal from the Union) was not accepted by most
Mississippians during the 1850’s. They wanted U.S. Congress to __________ slavery
By 1859 most Mississippians felt like _____________ was the only answer to the
slave question.
1860 Presidential Election
Democrats divided
• ____________ Democrats nominated John C. ____________ (U.S. Vice President)
• ______________ Democrats nominated Stephen ______________
___________ Party nominated John _______
___________ Party nominated __________ ___________
Lincoln won the election (Breckenridge carried the south)
Secession
Dec. 20, ________ _________ ____________ seceded from the union
MS called a state convention.
• MS delegates voted 84 – 15 in favor of secession
• Jan. 9, 1861 _____ became 2nd state to secede from the Union
AL, GA, FL, LA, & TX followed.
Feb. 1861 delegates from each state met in _____________, AL and formed the
_____________ ___________ of ________________ (new government)
__________ ____________ was selected as the President & Montgomery, AL was the
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When VA seceded from the Union, the capital was moved to _____________, VA.
War Begins
April 1861, Confederate forces fire on Fort ____________ in _____________, South
Carolina when a resupply is attempted.
President _____________ called for troops to put down the rebellion.
VA, NC, TN, & AR seceded.
Both sides thought they could win
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• South had better __________ & thought foreign nations would support them
• North had more ________ and ____________ than the south.
MS River
The ____ ___________ was a key component to the Union’s success during the war.
Gen. _________ S. __________ commanded Union forces in the _______
Gen. _________ Sidney ____________ commanded Confederate troops in the
________.
March 1862 Gen. Johnston is defending __________, MS. Gen. Grant has a fort at
Shiloh (TN).
Battle of Shiloh
___________ attacks ___________ on April 6 beginning the Battle of __________.
Johnston is killed during the battle.
Gen. P.G. T. ____________ takes command of southern forces. South advances on
Day 1, but on Day 2 reinforced Union forces cause a ____________ retreat back to
Corinth.
Shiloh was the _____________ battle of the war to that point.
________ & ___________ were later abandoned by the Confederates.
Battle for Vicksburg
____________ was vital. It sat within a great _______ in the ____ ________. The
city was well fortified and sat atop high bluffs.
Vicksburg was a key _________ point for the Confederacy.
Union tried to dig a _______ on the LA side of the river to avoid Vicksburg. This
failed.
Dec. 1862 Union Gen. _________ Tecumseh _________ begins a direct attack against
Vicksburg from the North. Attack Fails
Battle for Vicksburg (Cont.)
Grant tries to dig a canal to bypass Vicksburg, but this fails due to Confederate
_________ fire.
Grant moves his forces south of Vicksburg through LA.
Grant attacked & captured _____________, MS in May 1863 & then led a _________
attack on Vicksburg.
Vicksburg was ______________, but numerous attacks failed
Grant laid ______________ to Vicksburg for 6 weeks
Vicksburg fell ______ ____, 1863 (same day as Gettysburg victory)
After Vicksburg
Grant named ___________ of all _________ Forces
General William T. Sherman commands Union troops in the West
Sherman captured ________, MS in Feb. 1864 (RR Depot)
Sherman moved on to ______________
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• Sherman kept MS Generals ___________ ___________ ______________ and
Stephen Lee off of his supply lines by constantly raiding North & East MS
• Late 1864 Sherman makes his famous “________ to the _________” (from Atlanta to
Savannah, GA)
War Ends
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March 1865 _____________, VA falls to the Union.
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MS & AL troops surrendered on ______ 4, 1865 at Citronelle, AL
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April 1865 _________ E. __________ surrenders at _____________ Court House,
VA
Jefferson Davis was captured on May 10, 1865 in ____________, GA
MS Numbers
_______________ Mississippians fought for the Confederacy
About _________ Mississippians fought for the Union Army
________________ MS slaves or freedmen fought for the Union Army
MS had about _______________ dead at the end of the Civil War.
MS’s Homefront
Those at home did what they could
• ______ joined the service
• Women made _________ or were ________
• Everyone supported the state or opposed in silence
MS tried to have _________ politics but it was impossible.
___________ became worthless in the south.
People did not have
• ________ wax, ______, ________ & __________ (corn, okra, sweet potatoes used
instead),
Slave Revolts were feared
Union Soldiers took what they wanted and in many cases destroyed everything else.
End of Slavery
During war many southern ____________ fled to Union army camps.
Some stayed on the ___________
Blacks joined ___________ army and mainly performed ___________ roles.
By end of war blacks were actively ____________ for the Union
• Blacks were ________ _______ and usually given menial tasks.
1862 ___________ ____________ issued. Freed slaves in the seceding states.
Dec. 1865 ________- Amendment abolished slavery
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