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Study Guide Africa: Shaped by its History & Cultures of Africa (chapter 2, sections 2 – 5 & chapter 3) Key Terms: *Cape of Good Hope *Olaudah Equiano *plantation *colonize *nationalism *boycott *pan-Africanism *hybrid *literate *democracy *Quran *cultural diffusion *kinship *lineage *clan *Swahili *heritage *migrant worker *compound *life expectancy *commercial farming section 3 - European Conquest of Africa Europeans on the Coast the role of the Portuguese the evolution of sailing: astrolabes and lateen sails following the Portuguese: Dutch, British, and French Where is the Cape of Good Hope? The Atlantic Slave Trade Why were slaves needed in the Americas? What made African slaves desirable? the horrors of slavery triangular trade and the Middle Passage Europeans Colonize Africa What does it mean to colonize? Reasons that brought Europeans to Africa the effects of European control of Africa section 4 - Independence and its Challenges The Growth of Nationalism What is meant by the word “nationalism”? South Africa and the role of the African National Congress Pan-Africanism and Leopold Senghor Africa and World War II How did World War II impact African independence? Different Paths to Independence British leader Macmillan’s comment, “The winds of change are blowing across Africa.” Ghana and Algeria: gaining independence peacefully and by other means. What is a boycott? Struggling with independence – the problems of governance section 5 - Issues for Africa Today Economic Issues Farming remains very important to Africa’s economic success. the role of subsistence farming and commercial farming Africa’s numerous mineral resources: oil, coal, copper, gold, and diamonds the drawbacks of specialized economies the need for economic diversification advances in farming: what is a hybrid? Social Issues *the role of education in Africa *reading and writing: in some parts of Africa, a rising literacy rate *the devastating effects of childhood diseases *steps to prevent diseases The Environment *overcoming the challenges of deserts and dry soil *soil erosion and its impact on potential farmland What are some of the solutions that will enhance farming? Chapter 3 – Cultures of Africa section 1 – North Africa Elements of Culture * review of the idea of culture Religion and Culture in North Africa * the Quran and Muslim beliefs *Islamic law * Arabs and Berbers * the blend of the traditional and the modern * cultural diffusion *trade and empires *the influence of Western cultures on Muslims section 2 - West Africa Cultural Diversity of West Africa * region of varied languages *rural and urban West African Families *kinship and types of families *lineage and clans *matrilineal and patrilineal *urbanization *the search for jobs Keeping Traditions Alive *storytelling traditions *influence on American culture section 3 – East Africa Geography and Cultural Diversity *connection to the Indian Ocean *Swahili – mix of African and Arab ways *preservation of heritage *other languages, religions Changing Ideas about Land *connection to the land * plantations *rural roots section 4 – Southern and Central Africa Diversity in Southern Africa * European influence – Portuguese, Dutch and British *ethnic groups and urbanization * industry & women’s roles Life in Central Africa *benefits of living near the coast * diverse ways of life
