Density cycles and an offspring quantity and quality game driven by
... and are only favoured in low-density boom years. In these years, their small offspring are not a ®tness liability. Conversely, yellow females are favoured in crash years. In these years, their rare large progeny survive better than small orange progeny. The alternative throat-colour morph in side-bl ...
... and are only favoured in low-density boom years. In these years, their small offspring are not a ®tness liability. Conversely, yellow females are favoured in crash years. In these years, their rare large progeny survive better than small orange progeny. The alternative throat-colour morph in side-bl ...
A Bayesian approach to the evolution of perceptual and cognitive systems
... While ideal observer theory provides an appropriate benchmark for evaluating perceptual and cognitive systems, it will not, in general, accurately predict the design and performance of real systems, which are limited by a number of factors that will be described later. Here, we mention only one of t ...
... While ideal observer theory provides an appropriate benchmark for evaluating perceptual and cognitive systems, it will not, in general, accurately predict the design and performance of real systems, which are limited by a number of factors that will be described later. Here, we mention only one of t ...
Celebrating Darwin`s Errors1
... I am here today to help celebrate the 200th birthday of Charles Darwin, the great hero of biology— and of our culture— born the very same day as Abraham Lincoln: February 12, 1809. Here he is as usually envisioned, an icon in his venerable old age, once he had achieved fame. — And here he is at age ...
... I am here today to help celebrate the 200th birthday of Charles Darwin, the great hero of biology— and of our culture— born the very same day as Abraham Lincoln: February 12, 1809. Here he is as usually envisioned, an icon in his venerable old age, once he had achieved fame. — And here he is at age ...
PDF
... new method for investigating the accumulation of DMIs. Their empirical findings were not in accord with the basic predictions of Orr’s (1995) framework. To explain their results, these authors introduced an alternative verbal model. This model contrasts with Orr’s framework insofar as it relies on s ...
... new method for investigating the accumulation of DMIs. Their empirical findings were not in accord with the basic predictions of Orr’s (1995) framework. To explain their results, these authors introduced an alternative verbal model. This model contrasts with Orr’s framework insofar as it relies on s ...
Does Darwin belong in business? The danger and
... business studies: Stamp in accounting and Veblen in economics. In this context, the appeal was for both disciplines to claim and utilize a scientific method similar to Darwin. Thorstein Veblen was an early advocate of the Darwinian approach, as to him, Darwin’s method of scientific inquiry was an ex ...
... business studies: Stamp in accounting and Veblen in economics. In this context, the appeal was for both disciplines to claim and utilize a scientific method similar to Darwin. Thorstein Veblen was an early advocate of the Darwinian approach, as to him, Darwin’s method of scientific inquiry was an ex ...
Darwin and Wagner: Evolution and Aesthetic Appreciation
... characteristics during their lifetime that are passed on to one’s offspring. In Lamarck’s view all organisms are continually acquiring features that help them adapt to the environment more successfully. Certain animals, for instance, stretch their necks to reach leaves high in trees. This would stre ...
... characteristics during their lifetime that are passed on to one’s offspring. In Lamarck’s view all organisms are continually acquiring features that help them adapt to the environment more successfully. Certain animals, for instance, stretch their necks to reach leaves high in trees. This would stre ...
The Cultural Origins of Cognitive Adaptations
... complex cognitive abilities might overcome ‘hammer and nail’ hurdles. Such hurdles arise when a specific gene is only selectively advantageous given a context of pre-existing cognitive traits. I shall show that such a gene can nevertheless be selected even in the absence of other genes which fix the ...
... complex cognitive abilities might overcome ‘hammer and nail’ hurdles. Such hurdles arise when a specific gene is only selectively advantageous given a context of pre-existing cognitive traits. I shall show that such a gene can nevertheless be selected even in the absence of other genes which fix the ...
r~`~::~:7e~~~~ea notochord and - The application of population
... a vast supply of fossils of early chordates that appear to straddle the transition to craniates. The fossils were formed during the Cambrian explosion 530 million years ago, when many groups of animals were diversifying (see Chapter 32). The most primitive ofthe fossils are the 3-cm-long Haikouella ...
... a vast supply of fossils of early chordates that appear to straddle the transition to craniates. The fossils were formed during the Cambrian explosion 530 million years ago, when many groups of animals were diversifying (see Chapter 32). The most primitive ofthe fossils are the 3-cm-long Haikouella ...
PowerPoint - Scranton Prep Biology
... In 1844, Darwin wrote an essay on natural selection as the mechanism of descent with modification but did not introduce his theory publicly Natural selection is a process in which individuals with favorable inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce In June 1858, Darwin receive ...
... In 1844, Darwin wrote an essay on natural selection as the mechanism of descent with modification but did not introduce his theory publicly Natural selection is a process in which individuals with favorable inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce In June 1858, Darwin receive ...
pdf, 153kb
... population A group of organisms of the same species that are in close enough proximity to allow them to interbreed. http://nationalacademies.org/evolution/Definitions.html properties Characteristics that can be observed or measured http://www.harcourtschool.com/glossary/science/index5.html producer ...
... population A group of organisms of the same species that are in close enough proximity to allow them to interbreed. http://nationalacademies.org/evolution/Definitions.html properties Characteristics that can be observed or measured http://www.harcourtschool.com/glossary/science/index5.html producer ...
Ch 17 ppt - College of Science and Mathematics
... The Origin of Life Early Life on Earth The First Eukaryotic Cells Charles Darwin and The Origin of Species How Natural Selection Works Integrated Science: Animal Adaptations to Heat and Cold How Species Form Evidence of Evolution Does Evolution Occur Gradually or in Spurts? The Evolution of Humans S ...
... The Origin of Life Early Life on Earth The First Eukaryotic Cells Charles Darwin and The Origin of Species How Natural Selection Works Integrated Science: Animal Adaptations to Heat and Cold How Species Form Evidence of Evolution Does Evolution Occur Gradually or in Spurts? The Evolution of Humans S ...
Student worksheet - KBS GK12 Project
... Organisms have many traits that help them to survive and adapt to their environment. These traits can be physical and easy for us to see like height, or they can be molecular traits which need to be tested for in a lab, like being faster than average at processing sugar. For the exercise, we’re goin ...
... Organisms have many traits that help them to survive and adapt to their environment. These traits can be physical and easy for us to see like height, or they can be molecular traits which need to be tested for in a lab, like being faster than average at processing sugar. For the exercise, we’re goin ...
Phenotypic integration in plants
... 1987; Callahan & Waller 2000). Lechowicz and Blais (1988) used regression to estimate selection and combined this with an analysis of the correlation structure of traits with respect to reproductive output in several environments. They argued that the patterns of phenotypic correlations between emer ...
... 1987; Callahan & Waller 2000). Lechowicz and Blais (1988) used regression to estimate selection and combined this with an analysis of the correlation structure of traits with respect to reproductive output in several environments. They argued that the patterns of phenotypic correlations between emer ...
Human Origins
... Charles Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 he was an English naturalist who gained great fame for the development of his theory of evolution by natural selection or the well known Darwin's finches theory. (EGS) The theory of natural selection that he develop when he saw the birds on the Galapagos ...
... Charles Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 he was an English naturalist who gained great fame for the development of his theory of evolution by natural selection or the well known Darwin's finches theory. (EGS) The theory of natural selection that he develop when he saw the birds on the Galapagos ...
The Origin of Life
... 4. Can you design a testable hypothesis regarding this tenet? If so, write it here: 5. Is this tenet scientific? Tenet 5. "The record of earth history, as preserved in the earth's crust, especially in the rocks and fossil deposits, is primarily a record of catastrophic intensities of natural process ...
... 4. Can you design a testable hypothesis regarding this tenet? If so, write it here: 5. Is this tenet scientific? Tenet 5. "The record of earth history, as preserved in the earth's crust, especially in the rocks and fossil deposits, is primarily a record of catastrophic intensities of natural process ...
Pre´cis of Evolution in Four Dimensions
... gene’s DNA sequence was first transcribed into RNA, and then translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein. According to Francis Crick’s central dogma, information can never flow from a protein back to RNA or DNA sequences, so developmental alterations in proteins cannot be inherited. This, o ...
... gene’s DNA sequence was first transcribed into RNA, and then translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein. According to Francis Crick’s central dogma, information can never flow from a protein back to RNA or DNA sequences, so developmental alterations in proteins cannot be inherited. This, o ...
The role of hermaphrodites in the experimental evolution of
... which fitness components could explain the increase in outcrossing rates. Approaching an answer to these two questions would explain why outcrossing can be adaptive in novel environments. Using competitive assays expected to encompass the full life cycle of selection during experimental evolution, w ...
... which fitness components could explain the increase in outcrossing rates. Approaching an answer to these two questions would explain why outcrossing can be adaptive in novel environments. Using competitive assays expected to encompass the full life cycle of selection during experimental evolution, w ...
Huxley`s defence of Darwin
... from the activity of an ' internal sentiment ' in animals, la In his review of Vestiges, Huxley cites Lyell's arguments as formidable obstacles for Chambers to have to overcome. Chambers's point, made against the whole thrust of Lyell's arguments, was that the earliest representatives of each class ...
... from the activity of an ' internal sentiment ' in animals, la In his review of Vestiges, Huxley cites Lyell's arguments as formidable obstacles for Chambers to have to overcome. Chambers's point, made against the whole thrust of Lyell's arguments, was that the earliest representatives of each class ...
Neutral stability, drift, and the diversification of languages Christina Pawlowitsch Panayotis Mertikopoulos
... evolutionary point of view. Conceptually the question is related to explaining mechanisms of speciation. An argument that prominently figures in evolutionary accounts of language diversification is that it serves the formation of group markers which help to enhance in-group cooperation. In this pape ...
... evolutionary point of view. Conceptually the question is related to explaining mechanisms of speciation. An argument that prominently figures in evolutionary accounts of language diversification is that it serves the formation of group markers which help to enhance in-group cooperation. In this pape ...
Genetics
... are due to too many or too few copies of the sex chromosomes in each cell, e.g. Kleinfelter and Turner Syndromes which are described in many biology textbooks. In addition, several syndromes result from defective hormone receptors or defective enzymes to produce hormones, as discussed in the next tw ...
... are due to too many or too few copies of the sex chromosomes in each cell, e.g. Kleinfelter and Turner Syndromes which are described in many biology textbooks. In addition, several syndromes result from defective hormone receptors or defective enzymes to produce hormones, as discussed in the next tw ...
not - Fabelier
... many of the most cultivated minds…This is, that the conditions of a phenomenon must, or at least probably will, resemble the phenomenon itself. ...
... many of the most cultivated minds…This is, that the conditions of a phenomenon must, or at least probably will, resemble the phenomenon itself. ...
Evolution 65:2258-2272
... increasing the potential for different populations to proceed on independent evolutionary trajectories. One example might be the increased divergence between Timema walking-stick host races following a human-caused isolation of two host plant types (Nosil 2009). Or humans can provide new environment ...
... increasing the potential for different populations to proceed on independent evolutionary trajectories. One example might be the increased divergence between Timema walking-stick host races following a human-caused isolation of two host plant types (Nosil 2009). Or humans can provide new environment ...
Slide 1
... Areas of Focus within the Change Topics Unit: Evolution History, Scopes Monkey Trials, Darwin, Evolution, Evidences of Evolution, Four Parts to Darwin’s Theory, Natural Selection, The Mechanisms for Natural Selection, Divergent Evolution, Convergent Evolution, Diversity of Life Photo Tour, rWhat do ...
... Areas of Focus within the Change Topics Unit: Evolution History, Scopes Monkey Trials, Darwin, Evolution, Evidences of Evolution, Four Parts to Darwin’s Theory, Natural Selection, The Mechanisms for Natural Selection, Divergent Evolution, Convergent Evolution, Diversity of Life Photo Tour, rWhat do ...
Introduction to evolution
Evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs. Biological populations evolve through genetic changes that correspond to changes in the organisms' observable traits. Genetic changes include mutations, which are caused by damage or replication errors in an organism's DNA. As the genetic variation of a population drifts randomly over generations, natural selection gradually leads traits to become more or less common based on the relative reproductive success of organisms with those traits.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Evolution does not attempt to explain the origin of life (covered instead by abiogenesis), but it does explain how the extremely simple early lifeforms evolved into the complex ecosystem that we see today. Based on the similarities between all present-day organisms, all life on Earth originated through common descent from a last universal ancestor from which all known species have diverged through the process of evolution. All individuals have hereditary material in the form of genes that are received from their parents, then passed on to any offspring. Among offspring there are variations of genes due to the introduction of new genes via random changes called mutations or via reshuffling of existing genes during sexual reproduction. The offspring differs from the parent in minor random ways. If those differences are helpful, the offspring is more likely to survive and reproduce. This means that more offspring in the next generation will have that helpful difference and individuals will not have equal chances of reproductive success. In this way, traits that result in organisms being better adapted to their living conditions become more common in descendant populations. These differences accumulate resulting in changes within the population. This process is responsible for the many diverse life forms in the world.The forces of evolution are most evident when populations become isolated, either through geographic distance or by other mechanisms that prevent genetic exchange. Over time, isolated populations can branch off into new species.The majority of genetic mutations neither assist, change the appearance of, nor bring harm to individuals. Through the process of genetic drift, these mutated genes are neutrally sorted among populations and survive across generations by chance alone. In contrast to genetic drift, natural selection is not a random process because it acts on traits that are necessary for survival and reproduction. Natural selection and random genetic drift are constant and dynamic parts of life and over time this has shaped the branching structure in the tree of life.The modern understanding of evolution began with the 1859 publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. In addition, Gregor Mendel's work with plants helped to explain the hereditary patterns of genetics. Fossil discoveries in paleontology, advances in population genetics and a global network of scientific research have provided further details into the mechanisms of evolution. Scientists now have a good understanding of the origin of new species (speciation) and have observed the speciation process in the laboratory and in the wild. Evolution is the principal scientific theory that biologists use to understand life and is used in many disciplines, including medicine, psychology, conservation biology, anthropology, forensics, agriculture and other social-cultural applications.