Unit 19 Formulating Hypotheses and Making Decisions
... In either a hypothesis test or a court trial, we can identify two types of errors which can occur. One type of error is to believe the alternative hypothesis when in reality the null hypothesis is true; this is called a Type I error. The other type of error is to believe the null hypothesis when in ...
... In either a hypothesis test or a court trial, we can identify two types of errors which can occur. One type of error is to believe the alternative hypothesis when in reality the null hypothesis is true; this is called a Type I error. The other type of error is to believe the null hypothesis when in ...
An Introduction to Statistical Thinking for Forensic Practitioners
... Probability Bayes’ Rule to the likelihood ratio In forensic setting let S be same source and E be evidence and use Bayes’ rule to find P(S|E ) = P(E |S)P(S)/P(E ) Slight detour here to introduce the concept of odds odds in favor of event R are defined as O = P(R)/P(R̄) = P(R)/(1 − P(R)) odds agains ...
... Probability Bayes’ Rule to the likelihood ratio In forensic setting let S be same source and E be evidence and use Bayes’ rule to find P(S|E ) = P(E |S)P(S)/P(E ) Slight detour here to introduce the concept of odds odds in favor of event R are defined as O = P(R)/P(R̄) = P(R)/(1 − P(R)) odds agains ...
Log-linear modeling and missing data
... probability of an outcome or event. ‘It is highly dependent on judgment’ (Keynes, 1912, A treatise on probability, Macmillan, London). Keynes regarded probability as a subjective concept: our judgment (intuition, gut feeling) about the likelihood of the outcome. – See also Value-expectancy theory: a ...
... probability of an outcome or event. ‘It is highly dependent on judgment’ (Keynes, 1912, A treatise on probability, Macmillan, London). Keynes regarded probability as a subjective concept: our judgment (intuition, gut feeling) about the likelihood of the outcome. – See also Value-expectancy theory: a ...
Joint discrete random variables
... so X and Y are not independent of each other. Note that a single pair of values of x and y where the probabilities do not multiply is enough to show that X and Y are not independent. On the other hand, if I roll a die twice, and X and Y are the numbers that come up on the first and second throws, th ...
... so X and Y are not independent of each other. Note that a single pair of values of x and y where the probabilities do not multiply is enough to show that X and Y are not independent. On the other hand, if I roll a die twice, and X and Y are the numbers that come up on the first and second throws, th ...
to view
... reflection, or translation, draw the transformed figure using, e.g., graph paper, tracing paper, or geometry software. Specify a sequence of transformations that will carry a given figure onto another. G-CO.B.6 Use geometric descriptions of rigid motions to transform figures and to predict the effec ...
... reflection, or translation, draw the transformed figure using, e.g., graph paper, tracing paper, or geometry software. Specify a sequence of transformations that will carry a given figure onto another. G-CO.B.6 Use geometric descriptions of rigid motions to transform figures and to predict the effec ...
+ Combining Random Variables
... Probability models often assume independence when the random variables describe outcomes that appear unrelated to each other. You should always ask whether the assumption of independence seems ...
... Probability models often assume independence when the random variables describe outcomes that appear unrelated to each other. You should always ask whether the assumption of independence seems ...