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Financial Frictions in Macroeconomic Fluctuations
Financial Frictions in Macroeconomic Fluctuations

... Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Economic Quarterly 1. Real activity causes movements in financial flows. One hypothesis is that investment and employment respond to changes in real factors such as movements in productivity. In this case, borrowers cut their debt simply because they need less funds ...
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Towards a General Theory of Financial Regulation

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... What are the current regulatory requirements with respect to the margining of securities? IDA Regulation 100 sets out the various margin rates for securities. These rates are the minimum regulatory rates that are required to be used for Member firm and customer account positions and they are set bas ...
officer`s certificate
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...  “Value, Survival, and the Evolution of Firm Organizational Structure” (coauthored with Andy Naranjo and Joel Houston), University of Kansas, 2003.  “Value, Survival, and the Evolution of Firm Organizational Structure” (coauthored with Andy Naranjo and Joel Houston), Financial Management Associati ...
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Cash Flow IN Sources of Cash Flow in

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- Roosevelt Institute

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Why value value? - Spears School of Business
Why value value? - Spears School of Business

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Program Maximum Loan Amount Percent of Guaranty Use of

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... and the livelihood of the American people. What really matters to the life of our nation is enabling entrepreneurs to build new businesses that create more well-paying jobs, and enabling families to put a roof over their heads and educate their children.” Sheila Bair, FDIC Chair, March 16, 2011 “Fin ...
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External Dependence and Industry Growth Does Financial Structure

... show that industries that depend more on external finance grow relatively faster in economies with a higher level of financial development. This result is robust to the use of alternative measures of financial development and external dependence. Furthermore, Rajan and Zingales show that the effect ...
The European Central Bank as Lender of Last Resort
The European Central Bank as Lender of Last Resort

... Emergency Liquidity Assistance (ELA) is still the European Central Bank’s only and most important instrument to provide liquidity for individual banks. The ECB’s role as lender of last resort (LLR) is frequently equated with the ELA.1 In contrast to all other monetary policy operations, the ELA prov ...
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Valuation of Raised Breeding Livestock

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Financialization



Financialization is a term sometimes used in discussions of the financial capitalism that has developed over the decades between 1980 and 2010, in which financial leverage tended to override capital (equity), and financial markets tended to dominate over the traditional industrial economy and agricultural economics.Financialization describes an economic system or process that attempts to reduce all value that is exchanged (whether tangible or intangible, future or present promises, etc.) into a financial instrument. The intent of financialization is to be able to reduce any work product or service to an exchangeable financial instrument, like currency, and thus make it easier for people to trade these financial instruments.Workers, through a financial instrument such as a mortgage, may trade their promise of future work or wages for a home. The financialization of risk sharing is what makes possible all insurance. The financialization of a government's promises (e.g., US government bonds) is what makes possible all government deficit spending. Financialization also makes economic rents possible.
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