• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Roger. Roger. ?? - Gassenhuber Systementwicklung
Roger. Roger. ?? - Gassenhuber Systementwicklung

... How can the database match boxes with records? The database marks any box placed in QuarkXPress or InDesign with a specific, invisible number. Thus each box and each picture can be called by the database. It can be updated or re-imported into the database. What happens if I update a text box and the ...
CS chit-chat - ERI people pages
CS chit-chat - ERI people pages

... Query translation • Gazetteer is an instance of a much more general problem • To wit: – how to describe the automatic translation of dynamic queries written in an abstract query language to SQL – in an easy, powerful, flexible way – making as few assumptions as possible about the underlying schema ...
MSword - Jim Gray
MSword - Jim Gray

... pressure on database systems. It is quite common for users to want database system applications with 50,000 concurrent users. The computing engines and database system on which such applications are deployed must provide orders of magnitude better scalability and availability. If technology trends c ...
Database Management
Database Management

... Limitations 2 and 3 led to the development of NoSQL databases ...
Database Fundamentals
Database Fundamentals

... • The main disadvantage is cost, both in terms of software licensing and the cost of the hardware in a network. In heavy utilisation environment network traffic may also be a problem. ...
ppt - Spatial Database Group
ppt - Spatial Database Group

... Multi-media, active, distributed processing, more powerful operators, data warehouse processing, XML enabled, cloud computing ...
COURSE SYLLABUS AND REPORT Advanced Database Systems
COURSE SYLLABUS AND REPORT Advanced Database Systems

... The labs section overs also databases and the web, introducing important issues when using databases, such as connection pooling, changing isolation levels, working with counters, defining triggers and views, and doing application level logging. These issues are dealt with from a programmer’s point ...
Josyala - ODU Computer Science
Josyala - ODU Computer Science

... The application transfers funds from one -account to another by debiting money from one account and crediting it to another. ...
Chapter 22: Distribute Databases
Chapter 22: Distribute Databases

... At any point, at least one site must be up.  At most K sites (participants as well as coordinator) can fail Phase 1: Obtaining Preliminary Decision: Identical to 2PC Phase 1.  Every site is ready to commit if instructed to do so Phase 2 of 2PC is split into 2 phases, Phase 2 and Phase 3 of 3PC  I ...
Chapter 17 - SaigonTech
Chapter 17 - SaigonTech

... getMaxRows/setMaxRows. etermines the number of rows a ResultSet may contain ...
Scalable RDBMS for Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) for Big
Scalable RDBMS for Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) for Big

... search engines [1]. One of the key advances in resolving the “big-data” problem has been the emergence of an alternative database technology. This would be broad class of DBMS that differ significantly from the classic RDBMS model as shown in Fig.1. These data stores may not require fixed table sche ...
B - Homework Market
B - Homework Market

... • Increased throughput: can do different things simultaneously, so can do more things. • Interleaved processing: concurrent execution of processes interleaved in single CPU. Why? • When one process is doing I/O, the other can be accessing the database: better throughput. • Prevents one process from ...
Semantic Consistency in Information Exchange
Semantic Consistency in Information Exchange

... • Write checkpoint record in the log file and force-write the log to disk • Resume execution of transactions ...
Database Query Monitor Settings
Database Query Monitor Settings

... Center, enter a text identifier describing the database server that this monitor is monitoring. This text descriptor is used to identify the database server when the monitor data is viewed in an HP Business Availability Center report. ...
SQL Server 2000 Backup
SQL Server 2000 Backup

... comparison with the Full and Bulk-Logged models and requires less disk space, but does not provide the opportunity to restore the database to the point of failure or to a specific point in time. For example, if you make a full database backup of the Concept database on a Sunday at 1am, and make a di ...
III. Current Trends - UCL Computer Science
III. Current Trends - UCL Computer Science

... users distributed across the network. • Partitioned: Database partitioned into disjoint fragments, each fragment assigned to one site. • Complete Replication: Consists of maintaining complete copy of database at each site. • Selective Replication: Combination of partitioning, replication, and centra ...
Chapter 16: Concurrency Control Lock-Based Protocols Lock
Chapter 16: Concurrency Control Lock-Based Protocols Lock

... {Q}. Hence, rather than rolling back Ti as the timestamp ordering protocol would have done, this {write} operation can be ignored. ! Otherwise this protocol is the same as the timestamp ordering ...
transaction - Dalhousie University
transaction - Dalhousie University

... Two pages are kept in memory for each database buffer Changes are made to one of the pages – the other page (shadow page) is not altered The shadow page contains the before-image of the data values When a transaction commits, the changed page becomes the shadow ...
KorthDB6_ch15
KorthDB6_ch15

...  Protocol does not guarantee recoverability or cascade freedom  Need to introduce commit dependencies to ensure recoverability  Transactions may have to lock data items that they do not access. increased locking overhead, and additional waiting time  potential decrease in concurrency ...
Chapter 14: Concurrency Control
Chapter 14: Concurrency Control

...  A transaction is structured such that its writes are all performed at the end of its processing  All writes of a transaction form an atomic action; no transaction may execute while a transaction is being written  A transaction that aborts is restarted with a new timestamp ...
SQLite - Introduction
SQLite - Introduction

... Since SQLite reads and writes an ordinary disk file, the only access permissions that can be applied are the normal file access permissions of the underlying operating system. The GRANT and REVOKE commands commonly found on client/server RDBMSes are not implemented because they would be meaningless ...
slides - CS 491/591: Cloud Computing
slides - CS 491/591: Cloud Computing

... • TBC performs better for different arrival rates – higher frequency of requests • TBC performs better for some read-write ratios • TBC performs better for different network quality (packet loss, network congestion) • TBC performs better in a heterogeneous ...
Database System Concepts, 6 th Ed
Database System Concepts, 6 th Ed

...  Such a situation is called a deadlock.  To handle a deadlock one of T3 or T4 must be rolled back and its locks released. ...
SSSS - Computer Science
SSSS - Computer Science

... database at every site in the distributed system, thus creating a fully replicated distributed database. This can improve availability remarkably because the system can continue to operate as long as at least one site is up. It also improves performance of retrieval for global queries, because the r ...
PPT
PPT

... shared and intention-exclusive (SIX): the subtree rooted by that node is locked explicitly in shared mode and explicit locking is being done at a lower level with exclusive-mode locks. Intention locks allow a higher level node to be locked in S or X mode without having to check all descendent nodes. ...
< 1 ... 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ... 39 >

Global serializability

In concurrency control of databases, transaction processing (transaction management), and other transactional distributed applications, Global serializability (or Modular serializability) is a property of a global schedule of transactions. A global schedule is the unified schedule of all the individual database (and other transactional object) schedules in a multidatabase environment (e.g., federated database). Complying with global serializability means that the global schedule is serializable, has the serializability property, while each component database (module) has a serializable schedule as well. In other words, a collection of serializable components provides overall system serializability, which is usually incorrect. A need in correctness across databases in multidatabase systems makes global serializability a major goal for global concurrency control (or modular concurrency control). With the proliferation of the Internet, Cloud computing, Grid computing, and small, portable, powerful computing devices (e.g., smartphones), as well as increase in systems management sophistication, the need for atomic distributed transactions and thus effective global serializability techniques, to ensure correctness in and among distributed transactional applications, seems to increase.In a federated database system or any other more loosely defined multidatabase system, which are typically distributed in a communication network, transactions span multiple (and possibly distributed) databases. Enforcing global serializability in such system, where different databases may use different types of concurrency control, is problematic. Even if every local schedule of a single database is serializable, the global schedule of a whole system is not necessarily serializable. The massive communication exchanges of conflict information needed between databases to reach conflict serializability globally would lead to unacceptable performance, primarily due to computer and communication latency. Achieving global serializability effectively over different types of concurrency control has been open for several years. Commitment ordering (or Commit ordering; CO), a serializability technique publicly introduced in 1991 by Yoav Raz from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), provides an effective general solution for global (conflict) serializability across any collection of database systems and other transactional objects, with possibly different concurrency control mechanisms. CO does not need the distribution of conflict information, but rather utilizes the already needed (unmodified) atomic commitment protocol messages without any further communication between databases. It also allows optimistic (non-blocking) implementations. CO generalizes Strong strict two phase locking (SS2PL), which in conjunction with the Two-phase commit (2PC) protocol is the de facto standard for achieving global serializability across (SS2PL based) database systems. As a result, CO compliant database systems (with any, different concurrency control types) can transparently join existing SS2PL based solutions for global serializability. The same applies also to all other multiple (transactional) object systems that use atomic transactions and need global serializability for correctness (see examples above; nowadays such need is not smaller than with database systems, the origin of atomic transactions).The most significant aspects of CO that make it a uniquely effective general solution for global serializability are the following:Seamless, low overhead integration with any concurrency control mechanism, with neither changing any transaction's operation scheduling or blocking it, nor adding any new operation.Heterogeneity: Global serializability is achieved across multiple transactional objects (e.g., database management systems) with different (any) concurrency control mechanisms, without interfering with the mechanisms' operations.Modularity: Transactional objects can be added and removed transparently.Autonomy of transactional objects: No need of conflict or equivalent information distribution (e.g., local precedence relations, locks, timestamps, or tickets; no object needs other object's information).Scalability: With ""normal"" global transactions, computer network size and number of transactional objects can increase unboundedly with no impact on performance, andAutomatic global deadlock resolution.All these aspects, except the first two, are also possessed by the popular SS2PL, which is a (constrained, blocking) special case of CO and inherits many of CO's qualities.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report