• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Continuous integration for databases using Redgate tools
Continuous integration for databases using Redgate tools

... deployment therefore rely on creating upgrade scripts specifically for that purpose. The lack of database source code makes it more complicated to maintain a current stable version in source control. Creation and migration scripts can be checked into the source control repository, but despite its im ...
Python MySQL Database Access
Python MySQL Database Access

... Once our database connection is established, you are ready to make a query into this database. You can use either fetchone method to fetch single record or fetchall method to fetech multiple values from a database table. fetchone: It fetches the next row of a query result set. A result set is an obj ...
Chapter 17
Chapter 17

... The Incorrect Summary Problem ...
- Courses - University of California, Berkeley
- Courses - University of California, Berkeley

... database, DA and DBA are responsible for developing procedures that ensure the integrity and security of the database during the update process. • Specific responsibility for data collection, editing and verification must be assigned • Quality assurance must be practiced to protect and audit the dat ...
Proceedings of USITS ’03: 4th USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems
Proceedings of USITS ’03: 4th USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems

... 1-copy serializability – stems the challenge addressed by this paper. Lazy replication algorithms asynchronously propagate replica updates to other nodes, possibly even after the updating transaction commits. They do not provide 1-copy serializability, since, for instance, writes may be propagated i ...
here
here

... tables must be joined back together • In a relational database, tables are joined together using the value of the data • If a PROJECT has a CUSTOMER, the Customer_ID is stored as a column in the PROJECT table. The value stored in this column can be used to retrieve specific customer information from ...
Database transaction
Database transaction

... Database transaction is an important concept to understand while working in database and SQL. Transaction in database is required to protect data and keep it consistent when multiple users access the database at same time. What is transaction in database? Database transaction is collection of SQL qu ...
Welcome! [www.web
Welcome! [www.web

... Although second on the list, the last term of an ACID transaction to consider is consistent. A transaction ensures consistency if it is atomic, isolated, and durable. If an airplane possesses 10 seats and each seat sells for $100, then at the end of 10 successful transactions the airline's account s ...
Chapter 21:Application Development and Administration
Chapter 21:Application Development and Administration

...  Use stored-procedures: avoids re-parsing and re-optimization of query ...
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 1: Introduction

... (called change or delta relations) and having a separate process that applies the changes over to a replica  There are better ways of doing these now:  Databases today provide built in materialized view facilities to automatically maintain summary data  Databases provide built-in support for repl ...
Chapter 1 - Eastern Illinois University
Chapter 1 - Eastern Illinois University

... security, availability, windows2000 integration, Internet content management, ecommerce integration, packaged applications and business intelligence. Oracle announced its release of Oracle10g in 2003. Most of the fanfare on this release centers on the grid capabilities of Oracle’s latest offering ( ...
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 2

... are used to build a data warehouse. In the first approach, the data warehouse first builds for the complete organisation and from this selects the information needed for different end-users. In the “bottom up” approach, the smaller local data warehouse, known as a datamart, is used by end-users at a ...
Logical structure of a transaction
Logical structure of a transaction

... – Cannot Query/Write, and then Re-Query in the same transaction, since the simulation results are not in the DB yet. – The endorser/committer architecture cannot prevent phantom reads, therefore this solution can only be used by applications not sensitive to phantom reads • A phantom read occurs whe ...
SQL Server 2005
SQL Server 2005

... • Not all SQL Server objects are automatically copied • Users must exit for next log to be applied ...
PGS99
PGS99

... Figure 1: Deferred update technique The certi cation test aims at ensuring one-copy serializability. It decides to abort a transaction if the transaction's commit would lead the database to an inconsistent state (i.e., nonserializable). For example, consider two concurrent transactions, ta and tb , ...
Database Access and Integration Services on the Grid
Database Access and Integration Services on the Grid

... coordination of accesses to one or more databases. As service definitions essentially state what functionality is to be supported, and not how that functionality is provided, a single service may come to be implemented in different ways. This, for example, allows alternative implementations with dif ...
Performance evaluation of parallel transaction processing in shared
Performance evaluation of parallel transaction processing in shared

... Manipulation Language) statements submitted to the back-end system may originate directly from the end-user (ad-hoc queries) or from application programs running on workstations or mainframes. Some database machines (e.g. EDS) support the management of application programs (consisting of multiple DM ...
TransactionsAndRecovery
TransactionsAndRecovery

... existing customer number and existing part numbers  The books balance (debits = credits, assets = liabilities) Consistency preservation is a property of a transaction, not of the database mechanisms for controlling it (unlike the A, I, and D of ACID) If each transaction maintains consistency, then ...
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 1: Introduction

... begin atomic insert into orders (select item, level from reorder where reorder.item = orow.item) end ...
Transaction Management in .Net.doc
Transaction Management in .Net.doc

... Concurrency controls in a database system ensure that two users cannot change the same data, or that one user cannot change a piece of data before another user is done with it. For example, if you are talking to an airline ticket agent to reserve the last available seat on a flight and the agent beg ...
IST 274 -10 Database Administrator
IST 274 -10 Database Administrator

... •When using SYS to connect as SYSDBA, you will need to use a special password (not CHANGE_ON_INSTALL) •An INTERNAL connection also requires this password •The “Special” password is held encrypted in a password file (PWD.ORA) by the operating system •Oracle provides a utility (ORAPWD) that creat ...
Parsing a SAS Database for Correctness: A Conceptual Introduction
Parsing a SAS Database for Correctness: A Conceptual Introduction

... In a clinical database environment, it is common to have 20-50 SAS datasets all linked by a common identifier, as well as secondary keys. One can view the inter-record relationships as a data structure having a tree-shaped geometry. After the initial entry of data, records in each dataset are in con ...
PPT
PPT

... Also supports metadata retrieval, such as querying about relations present in the database and the names and types of relation attributes ...
Flashback Technologies
Flashback Technologies

... Flashback Query. Query values in a table at a point in time. select * from rays.VIMPORTANTDATA as of timestamp to_timestamp('25-FEB-2010 08:10:00', 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS'); ...
An Architecture for Homogenizing Federated Databases
An Architecture for Homogenizing Federated Databases

... portion of all the IS resources. Lack of documentation, inflexibility in the design, poor performance, inappropriate functionality all attribute to the high cost. The lack of understanding of a legacy IS also makes it difficult for organizations to take full advantage of newer technologies, such as ...
< 1 ... 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ... 39 >

Global serializability

In concurrency control of databases, transaction processing (transaction management), and other transactional distributed applications, Global serializability (or Modular serializability) is a property of a global schedule of transactions. A global schedule is the unified schedule of all the individual database (and other transactional object) schedules in a multidatabase environment (e.g., federated database). Complying with global serializability means that the global schedule is serializable, has the serializability property, while each component database (module) has a serializable schedule as well. In other words, a collection of serializable components provides overall system serializability, which is usually incorrect. A need in correctness across databases in multidatabase systems makes global serializability a major goal for global concurrency control (or modular concurrency control). With the proliferation of the Internet, Cloud computing, Grid computing, and small, portable, powerful computing devices (e.g., smartphones), as well as increase in systems management sophistication, the need for atomic distributed transactions and thus effective global serializability techniques, to ensure correctness in and among distributed transactional applications, seems to increase.In a federated database system or any other more loosely defined multidatabase system, which are typically distributed in a communication network, transactions span multiple (and possibly distributed) databases. Enforcing global serializability in such system, where different databases may use different types of concurrency control, is problematic. Even if every local schedule of a single database is serializable, the global schedule of a whole system is not necessarily serializable. The massive communication exchanges of conflict information needed between databases to reach conflict serializability globally would lead to unacceptable performance, primarily due to computer and communication latency. Achieving global serializability effectively over different types of concurrency control has been open for several years. Commitment ordering (or Commit ordering; CO), a serializability technique publicly introduced in 1991 by Yoav Raz from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), provides an effective general solution for global (conflict) serializability across any collection of database systems and other transactional objects, with possibly different concurrency control mechanisms. CO does not need the distribution of conflict information, but rather utilizes the already needed (unmodified) atomic commitment protocol messages without any further communication between databases. It also allows optimistic (non-blocking) implementations. CO generalizes Strong strict two phase locking (SS2PL), which in conjunction with the Two-phase commit (2PC) protocol is the de facto standard for achieving global serializability across (SS2PL based) database systems. As a result, CO compliant database systems (with any, different concurrency control types) can transparently join existing SS2PL based solutions for global serializability. The same applies also to all other multiple (transactional) object systems that use atomic transactions and need global serializability for correctness (see examples above; nowadays such need is not smaller than with database systems, the origin of atomic transactions).The most significant aspects of CO that make it a uniquely effective general solution for global serializability are the following:Seamless, low overhead integration with any concurrency control mechanism, with neither changing any transaction's operation scheduling or blocking it, nor adding any new operation.Heterogeneity: Global serializability is achieved across multiple transactional objects (e.g., database management systems) with different (any) concurrency control mechanisms, without interfering with the mechanisms' operations.Modularity: Transactional objects can be added and removed transparently.Autonomy of transactional objects: No need of conflict or equivalent information distribution (e.g., local precedence relations, locks, timestamps, or tickets; no object needs other object's information).Scalability: With ""normal"" global transactions, computer network size and number of transactional objects can increase unboundedly with no impact on performance, andAutomatic global deadlock resolution.All these aspects, except the first two, are also possessed by the popular SS2PL, which is a (constrained, blocking) special case of CO and inherits many of CO's qualities.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report