Environment, Politics and Development Working Paper Series
... governance landscapes of these instances of ‗clean‘ development. 2. Profiting from carbon?: Entangling development and climate change The developing south is increasingly experiencing rapid and complex environmental change. The threat posed by climate change along with associated issues of water, la ...
... governance landscapes of these instances of ‗clean‘ development. 2. Profiting from carbon?: Entangling development and climate change The developing south is increasingly experiencing rapid and complex environmental change. The threat posed by climate change along with associated issues of water, la ...
Memorandum for His Excellency Judge Shi
... Certified emission reductions. A Kyoto Protocol unit equal to 1 tonne of CO2-e and issues for emissions reductions from CDM project activities. Two special types of CERs called temporary CERs (tCERs) and long-term CERs (lCERs) are issued for emission removals from afforestation and reforestation CDM ...
... Certified emission reductions. A Kyoto Protocol unit equal to 1 tonne of CO2-e and issues for emissions reductions from CDM project activities. Two special types of CERs called temporary CERs (tCERs) and long-term CERs (lCERs) are issued for emission removals from afforestation and reforestation CDM ...
Design of the future framework (continued)
... Overall GHG emissions were down compared to 1990; however, reaching its target under the Kyoto Protocol (- 8%) will not be an easy task for the EU either. The emission reduction thus far is largely due to factors that are not directly related to climate change policies (e.g., the unification of Eas ...
... Overall GHG emissions were down compared to 1990; however, reaching its target under the Kyoto Protocol (- 8%) will not be an easy task for the EU either. The emission reduction thus far is largely due to factors that are not directly related to climate change policies (e.g., the unification of Eas ...
Regulatory Uncertainty in Climate Change Initiatives
... 1990 emissions of the individual state.5 In an effort to encourage signatories to the treaty, particularly developing countries, Kyoto allows the Annex I countries to utilize alternative methods to reduce GHGs. Kyoto provides for carbon market trading allowing countries with emissions credits to spa ...
... 1990 emissions of the individual state.5 In an effort to encourage signatories to the treaty, particularly developing countries, Kyoto allows the Annex I countries to utilize alternative methods to reduce GHGs. Kyoto provides for carbon market trading allowing countries with emissions credits to spa ...
The Kyoto Protocol
... The directive excludes nuclear projects, in line with the Kyoto Protocol’s rules, as well as carbon “sinks.” Carbon sinks - planting forests to soak up CO2 - have been a contentious issue at UN level because they do not bring technology transfer, they are inherently temporary and reversible, and unc ...
... The directive excludes nuclear projects, in line with the Kyoto Protocol’s rules, as well as carbon “sinks.” Carbon sinks - planting forests to soak up CO2 - have been a contentious issue at UN level because they do not bring technology transfer, they are inherently temporary and reversible, and unc ...
9. global environmental concerns
... the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system." The principle commitment applying to parties of the convention is the adoption of policies and measures on the mitigation of climate change, by limiting anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse g ...
... the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system." The principle commitment applying to parties of the convention is the adoption of policies and measures on the mitigation of climate change, by limiting anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse g ...
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs)
... considerations associated with these mitigation actions are included, as well as the financial support required for their preparation and implementation. NAMAs adjustment, rules, and feasibility studies are still in process. Methodology NAMA’s approach supports an enhanced range of activities from a ...
... considerations associated with these mitigation actions are included, as well as the financial support required for their preparation and implementation. NAMAs adjustment, rules, and feasibility studies are still in process. Methodology NAMA’s approach supports an enhanced range of activities from a ...
Carbon credits and green building
... credits arising from these projects may be used by capped entities to meet a compliance obligation. The market for carbon credits in 2007 topped $60 billion.6 This trading was driven by the compliance obligations of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Cou ...
... credits arising from these projects may be used by capped entities to meet a compliance obligation. The market for carbon credits in 2007 topped $60 billion.6 This trading was driven by the compliance obligations of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Cou ...
幻灯片 1 - Unesco
... In the current “cap and trade” regime, these targets, investments and contributions are not recognized, which if continued would be the largest the climate change mitigation program in the world. ...
... In the current “cap and trade” regime, these targets, investments and contributions are not recognized, which if continued would be the largest the climate change mitigation program in the world. ...
Slide 1
... GHG emissions in the developing countries in return for Certified Emission Reductions (CERs)/ Carbon Credits. The CERs generated by such project activities can be used by developed countries as credits to meet their emissions targets under the Protocol. ...
... GHG emissions in the developing countries in return for Certified Emission Reductions (CERs)/ Carbon Credits. The CERs generated by such project activities can be used by developed countries as credits to meet their emissions targets under the Protocol. ...
The Kyoto Protocol
... - example: Europe’s Emissions Trading System (ETS), National Allocation Plans 2. Joint Implementation - Annex 1 countries can invest in a emissions-reduction project in another Annex 1 country and receive emissions reduction units (ERU) ...
... - example: Europe’s Emissions Trading System (ETS), National Allocation Plans 2. Joint Implementation - Annex 1 countries can invest in a emissions-reduction project in another Annex 1 country and receive emissions reduction units (ERU) ...
Office for Climate Change Global Environment Department Japan
... actions in developing countries. ...
... actions in developing countries. ...
The São Paulo Proposal for an Improved International Climate Agreement
... end of the range of the reductions that developing countries are proposing unilaterally and consistent with the rate needed to stabilize atmospheric concentrations. If neither of the conditions is met, each country’s commitment for the next year remains unchanged (2019 commitments would be the same ...
... end of the range of the reductions that developing countries are proposing unilaterally and consistent with the rate needed to stabilize atmospheric concentrations. If neither of the conditions is met, each country’s commitment for the next year remains unchanged (2019 commitments would be the same ...
ADAPTATION FUND: status and issues
... in December 2007 to finance concrete adaptation projects and programmes in developing country Parties to the Kyoto Protocol that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. It is financed from the share of proceeds on the clean development mechanism project activities and ...
... in December 2007 to finance concrete adaptation projects and programmes in developing country Parties to the Kyoto Protocol that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. It is financed from the share of proceeds on the clean development mechanism project activities and ...
The Governance of Clean Development: CDM and Beyond
... energy needs in a carbonconstrained world ...
... energy needs in a carbonconstrained world ...
Win-win? CDM hydropower projects and their - diss.fu
... respect to (a) their ability to advance the goals of the CDM and (b) their implications for climate justice. The text is structured into three sections. The first section explores the rationale of carbon offsetting and outlines the administrative structure of the CDM as well as the most important re ...
... respect to (a) their ability to advance the goals of the CDM and (b) their implications for climate justice. The text is structured into three sections. The first section explores the rationale of carbon offsetting and outlines the administrative structure of the CDM as well as the most important re ...
Title III - Cap and Trade
... Offset Accounting Standards: Additionality, continued • The assurance of additionality is required to produce a credit for ...
... Offset Accounting Standards: Additionality, continued • The assurance of additionality is required to produce a credit for ...
word 20Kb - Carbon Trade Watch
... The EU ETS is the main driver of demand for CDM projects ETS: over- allocation The EU ETS has consistently awarded major polluters with more free “pollution permits” (called EUAs, European Union Allowances) than their actual level of carbon emissions This means it gave them no incentive to red ...
... The EU ETS is the main driver of demand for CDM projects ETS: over- allocation The EU ETS has consistently awarded major polluters with more free “pollution permits” (called EUAs, European Union Allowances) than their actual level of carbon emissions This means it gave them no incentive to red ...
Y11GeUC7.8 Kyoto PPwk18
... have occurred, again a source of much wrangling between countries. Although cutting emissions from fossil fuels should be the focus of efforts to limit global warming, forestry and land management activities can provide part of the answer. With their being a recognised part of Kyoto GHG balancing - ...
... have occurred, again a source of much wrangling between countries. Although cutting emissions from fossil fuels should be the focus of efforts to limit global warming, forestry and land management activities can provide part of the answer. With their being a recognised part of Kyoto GHG balancing - ...
The National Climate Change Programme (NCCP), a unit within the
... criteria required for project evaluation and approval. In the same line, CORDELIM will provide CCU with technical support on the formulation of CDM related policies and strategy. CORDELIM shares its Board of Directors with the National Committee on Climate Change. At the moment CODELIM is staffed by ...
... criteria required for project evaluation and approval. In the same line, CORDELIM will provide CCU with technical support on the formulation of CDM related policies and strategy. CORDELIM shares its Board of Directors with the National Committee on Climate Change. At the moment CODELIM is staffed by ...
CDM in Crisis – What is at Stake?
... Beyond project mechanisms: The CDM has historically been a project-by-project mechanism. However there are now 900 Programme of Activities in the CDM pipeline. These programmes, often at a sectoral level, provide a template for expanding site specific activities into multi-site and multi-technology ...
... Beyond project mechanisms: The CDM has historically been a project-by-project mechanism. However there are now 900 Programme of Activities in the CDM pipeline. These programmes, often at a sectoral level, provide a template for expanding site specific activities into multi-site and multi-technology ...
Clean Development Mechanism
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the Flexible Mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol (IPCC, 2007) that provides for emissions reduction projects which generate Certified Emission Reduction units which may be traded in emissions trading schemes.The CDM is defined in Article 12 of the Protocol, and is intended to meet two objectives: (1) to assist parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which is to prevent dangerous climate change; and (2) to assist parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments (greenhouse gas (GHG) emission caps). ""Annex I"" parties are those countries that are listed in Annex I of the treaty, and are the industrialized countries. Non-Annex I parties are developing countries.The CDM addresses the second objective by allowing the Annex I countries to meet part of their emission reduction commitments under the Kyoto Protocol by buying Certified Emission Reduction units from CDM emission reduction projects in developing countries (Carbon Trust, 2009, p. 14). The projects and the issue of CERs is subject to approval to ensure that these emission reductions are real and ""additional."" The CDM is supervised by the CDM Executive Board (CDM EB) and is under the guidance of the Conference of the Parties (COP/MOP) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).The CDM allows industrialized countries to buy CERs and to invest in emission reductions where it is cheapest globally (Grubb, 2003, p. 159). Between 2001, which was the first year CDM projects could be registered and 7 September 2012, the CDM issued 1 billion Certified Emission Reduction units. As of 1 June 2013, 57% of all CERs had been issued for projects based on destroying either HFC-23 (38%) or N2O (19%). Carbon capture and storage (CCS) was included in the CDM carbon offsetting scheme in December 2011.However, a number of weaknesses of the CDM have been identified (World Bank, 2010, p. 265-267). Several of these issues were addressed by the new Program of Activities (PoA) that moves to approving 'bundles' of projects instead of accrediting each project individually. In 2012, the report Climate change, carbon markets and the CDM: A call to action said governments urgently needed to address the future of the CDM. It suggested the CDM was in danger of collapse because of the low price of carbon and the failure of governments to guarantee its existence into the future. Writing on the website of the Climate & Development Knowledge Network, Yolanda Kakabadse, a member of the investigating panel for the report and founder of Fundacion Futuro Latinamericano, said a strong CDM is needed to support the political consensus essential for future climate progress. ""Therefore we must do everything in our hands to keep it working,"" she said.