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... Joule, Calorie, Speed of Light 1 Joule = 1 ntm = kg m2/s2 4.184 Joule = 1 Calories = 0.001 Food Calories (more later about this). ...
Electron Configurations
Electron Configurations

... – All orbitals within a sublevel have equal energy. (All 3 p sublevels are equal energy at any level.) – Energy sublevels within a principle energy level have different energies (s
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5.1.03-15 Franck-Hertz experiment with Ne

... angular momentum of the electron is an integral multiple of h/2p, i.e. n*h/2p, where n is an integer and h is Planck’s constant. Bohr’s picture of electrons in discrete states with transitions among those states producing radiation whose frequency is determined by the energy differences between stat ...
Chapter 12
Chapter 12

... The emission spectra of atoms in the gas phase do not show a continuous spread of wavelengths from red to violet; rather, the atoms emit light only at specific wavelengths. Such spectra are called line spectra because the radiation is identified by the appearance of bright lines in the spectra. A li ...
02 Atomic Structure
02 Atomic Structure

... (d) The (+) vely charged parts of an atom move with extremely high velocities Q 11. Choose the incorrect relation on the basis of Bohr’s theory: (a) Velocity of electron  1/n (b) Frequency of revolution  1/n3 (c) Radius of orbit  n2Z (d) Force on electron  1/n4 Q 12. The change in orbital angula ...
Total view of the AFM
Total view of the AFM

... • There are different types – Ion Microprobe, TOF-SIMS, and Quadrupole SIMS. The first two are more important: the first is also called dynamic SIMS where a complete depth profile can be done and uses q/m ratio to separate ions, and the 2nd used for static SIMS as only a few monolayers are removed, ...
Class 23
Class 23

... Some fraction of the photons are 'recycled' through the amplifier (feedback!). The rest is used as the laser's output. ...
Chapter 7 The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom
Chapter 7 The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom

... is about the same size as the wavelength, they bend around it – this is called diffraction ◦ traveling particles do not diffract the diffraction of light through two slits separated by a distance comparable to the wavelength results in an interference pattern of the diffracted waves an interference ...
Chapter 7 The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom
Chapter 7 The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom

... is about the same size as the wavelength, they bend around it – this is called diffraction ◦ traveling particles do not diffract the diffraction of light through two slits separated by a distance comparable to the wavelength results in an interference pattern of the diffracted waves an interference ...
Chapter 4
Chapter 4

... • There were some problems with the Rutherford model…It did not answer: – Where the e- were located in the space outside the nucleus – Why the e- did not crash into the nucleus – Why atoms produce spectra (colors) at specific wavelengths when energy is added ...
Quantum Atom
Quantum Atom

... Louis deBroglie Suggested if energy has particle nature then particles should have a wave nature Particle wavelength given by λ = h/ mv ...
A Brief History of Modern Physics and the development of the
A Brief History of Modern Physics and the development of the

... Schrödinger was quite puzzled by the nature of the wave function. What is the physical meaning of Ψ(x,t)? He wanted to think of it as some kind of physical matter wave, like an electromagnetic wave E(x,t). But this interpretation could not explain a host of experimental results, such as that fact th ...
Introduction to Quantum theory, and the
Introduction to Quantum theory, and the

... maximise the amount of absorption of the EM wave as only a small percentage of the light is deflected each time from the material, and therefore the amount of light not absorbed consistently decreases with every deflection. This allows the cavity to behave almost perfectly as a radiation absorber, a ...
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... Joint Services Electronics Program (Contract DAAG29-83-K-0003) Patrick A. Lee Recently it has become possible to fabricate narrow channel Si-MOSFET's with a channel width of less than 1000 A and a length of several microns. An unexpected feature is the appearance of irregular structures in the resis ...
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... 1. Planck’s constant (h) - the quantity of energy that can be absorbed or emitted. h = 6.626 x 10-34 J•s Now the energy of a system ∆E (as we learned last chapter) can be defined as E = nhν where n is an integer, h is Planck’s constant and ν is the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation absorbed ...
Jan. 23, 2006
Jan. 23, 2006

... The value of the final integral can be looked up: it is π4/15. If one plugs in all the appropriate values for the various constants, one obtains ρ = aT4 where a = 7.5657 x 10−16 J m-3 K-4. This derivation from Planck's formula agrees essentially perfectly with experiment. The Orbiting Electron Model ...
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... Energy is the ability to do work. In the process of doing work, energy is often transferred from one body to another or from one place to another. The three basic ways in which energy can be transferred include conduction, convection, and radiation. • Most people are familiar with conduction which o ...
Photoelectric effect - The University of Sydney
Photoelectric effect - The University of Sydney

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Chapter 4 Optical Sources

... The photon produced by stimulated emission is generally of an identical energy to the one which caused it and hence the light associated with them is the same frequency – Monocromatic The light associated with the stimulating and stimulated photon is in phase and has a same polarization – Coherent F ...
Chapter 6 and 7 Reading Guide Electronic Structure of Atoms and
Chapter 6 and 7 Reading Guide Electronic Structure of Atoms and

... angular momentum quantum number (aka azimuthal quantum number) (l): What are its possible values? ...
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... • In 1913, Danish physicist Niels Bohr developed a new model that explained the line spectra and the stability of the atom. • The structure of Rutherford's model, but imposed a restriction on the electron orbits. ...
Chapter 5: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ATOM
Chapter 5: QUANTUM THEORY AND THE ATOM

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... Si Conduction-Band Structure in wave vector k-space (Constant-Energy Surfaces in k-space)Effective mass approximation: Kinetic energy ...
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LT1: Electron Arrangement (Ch. 5)

... an object when heated is directly related to the Quantum. ...
Chemistry Objectives — Arrangements of Electrons in Atoms 1
Chemistry Objectives — Arrangements of Electrons in Atoms 1

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X-ray fluorescence



X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the emission of characteristic ""secondary"" (or fluorescent) X-rays from a material that has been excited by bombarding with high-energy X-rays or gamma rays. The phenomenon is widely used for elemental analysis and chemical analysis, particularly in the investigation of metals, glass, ceramics and building materials, and for research in geochemistry, forensic science and archaeology.
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