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Mass Transport and the Blood system
Mass Transport and the Blood system

...  When blood passes through the lungs, the pressure lowers. If it ...
Multiple Variations of Coronary Arteries
Multiple Variations of Coronary Arteries

... far, but in this case, 4 flanking PIV branches, all arising from the RCA, were seen. Out of four PIV arteries, one curved around the cardiac apex and anastomosed with one of the AIV branches of the LCA. So, as we reported, both the AIV and the PIV arteries were more than 2 in number in our specimens ...
M19 Lesson 11 12.2 HANDOUT
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Circulatory System
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The Cardiovascular System: The Heart • Heart pumps over 1 million
The Cardiovascular System: The Heart • Heart pumps over 1 million

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hba semester 1, unit 2 exam notes 2013
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... Qu.  What  are  the  2  circuits  in  the  cardiovascular  system?  Which  side  of  the  heart  is   responsible  for  which?   1. Pulmonary  circuità  Right  side  of  heartà  Receives  deoxygenated  blood  from   the  body  tissues ...
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Anomalous origin of left main coronary artery from the right sinus of
Anomalous origin of left main coronary artery from the right sinus of

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What is Sudden Cardiac Arrest? Occurs suddenly and often without

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The heart - circulatorysystem4E

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Unit J Notes #2 Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation
Unit J Notes #2 Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation

... -Returns oxygen rich blood to heart so that it can be pumped out to systemic circuit. C) SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT: - Path from Left Ventricle out to all other tissues and organs of the body and then back to the right atrium of heart. - Carries oxygen rich blood to body tissues. - Returns carbon dioxide fill ...
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Coronary artery disease



Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD), atherosclerotic heart disease, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and coronary heart disease, is a group of diseases that includes: stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden coronary death. It is within the group of cardiovascular diseases of which it is the most common type. A common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Occasionally it may feel like heartburn. Usually symptoms occur with exercise or emotional stress, last less than a few minutes, and gets better with rest. Shortness of breath may also occur and sometimes no symptoms are present. The first sign is occasionally a heart attack. Other complications include heart failure or an irregular heartbeat.Risk factors include: high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol, among others. Other risks include depression. The underlying mechanism involves atherosclerosis of the arteries of the heart. A number of tests may help with diagnoses including: electrocardiogram, cardiac stress testing, coronary computed tomographic angiography, and coronary angiogram, among others.Prevention is by eating a healthy diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking. Sometimes medication for diabetes, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure are also used. There is limited evidence for screening people who are at low risk and do not have symptoms. Treatment involves the same measures as prevention. Additional medications such as antiplatelets including aspirin, beta blockers, or nitroglycerin may be recommended. Procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) may be used in severe disease. In those with stable CAD it is unclear if PCI or CABG in addition to the other treatments improve life expectancy or decreases heart attack risk.In 2013 CAD was the most common cause of death globally, resulting in 8.14 million deaths (16.8%) up from 5.74 million deaths (12%) in 1990. The risk of death from CAD for a given age has decreased between 1980 and 2010 especially in the developed world. The number of cases of CAD for a given age has also decreased between 1990 and 2010. In the United States in 2010 about 20% of those over 65 had CAD, while it was present in 7% of those 45 to 64, and 1.3% of those 18 to 45. Rates are higher among men than women of a given age.
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