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oppgave-tollofsrud - UiO
oppgave-tollofsrud - UiO

... Changes in blood flow during exercise ................................................................................................ 6 Blood pressure during static and dynamic exercise ............................................................................ 7 Role of circulating catecholamines ...
ARRYTHMIAS AND CONDUCTION DEFECTS IN ECG
ARRYTHMIAS AND CONDUCTION DEFECTS IN ECG

... so rapidly that very little or no blood at all is pumped because there is not enough time between contractions for the ventricles to fill.  When VF occurs, a well-placed electrical shock across the chest may be life saving.  The shock, known as defibrillation, neutralizes all the abnormal electric ...
Cardiac Arrythmias
Cardiac Arrythmias

... • Embolism and stroke (presumably due to LA clot) • Acute hospitalization with onset of symptoms • Anticoagulation, especially in older patients (> 75 yr.) • Congestive heart failure ...
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND CONTROL OF BLOOD SUPPLY
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND CONTROL OF BLOOD SUPPLY

... Aorta – oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the whole body Coronary Arteries – left and right branches from the Aorta encircle and supply the Heart muscle with oxygen and glucose Coronary Veins – drain deoxygenated blood directly back into the right atrium via the coronary sinus ...
Cholesterol and mortality in heart failure: the bad gone good?
Cholesterol and mortality in heart failure: the bad gone good?

... effects (17). Previous studies have also demonstrated serum LPS concentration to be increased in HF patients, with highest levels in those patients with New York Heart Association class IV (18). The protective role of lipoproteins in HF may stem from an ability to diminish the LPSinduced elaboration ...
Gross anatomy of the heart in Ostrich (Struthio camelus)
Gross anatomy of the heart in Ostrich (Struthio camelus)

... and 5). The right atrium has a greater volume than the left one and is separated from the left atrium by interatrial septum. Right atrium consists of muscular ridges, the socalled pectinate muscles which are arranged in net-like fashion and terminate on a stout transverse arch, crista terminalis. Al ...
Idiopathic atrial fibrillation: a rose by any other name?
Idiopathic atrial fibrillation: a rose by any other name?

... the echocardiographic finding of left ventricular hypertrophy, a known consequence of hypertension and a frequent indicator of hypertensive heart disease. Paradoxically they did not exclude left atrial enlargement (volume, diameter, area) on the echocardiogram in their definition of idiopathic AF. I ...
For Immediate Release Valtech`s Cardioband® Receives CE Mark
For Immediate Release Valtech`s Cardioband® Receives CE Mark

... development of devices for mitral and tricuspid valve repair and replacement, announced today it has received Conformité Européenne (CE) Marking for its Cardioband® Mitral Reconstruction System (Cardioband), a proprietary, implantable mitral reconstruction device with a transfemoral, transseptal del ...
Cardiac cycle
Cardiac cycle

... Events during cardiac cycle (continued) • Ventricular systole : – After the atrial contraction impulse travels through AV node & specialized conduction system to excite the ventricle. – As the ventricular contraction begins pressure in the ventricles exceeds that of atria and this backwards pressur ...
What is hemodynamic monitoring? There are both invasive and
What is hemodynamic monitoring? There are both invasive and

ECGs 375
ECGs 375

... • Angina or increase in infarct size may accompany persistent tachycardia in patient with acute MI ...
2013 ESC Guidelines On The Management Of Stable Coronary
2013 ESC Guidelines On The Management Of Stable Coronary

... If coronary CTA is available for event risk stratification, possible overestimation of stenosis severity should be considered in segments with severe calcification, especially in patients at high intermediate PTP. Additional stress imaging may be necessary before referring a patient with few/no symp ...
Microsoft Word - VNU
Microsoft Word - VNU

... Electrocardiography, nowadays, is an essential part of the initial evaluation for patients presenting with cardiac complaints. However, an normal electrocardiography can not eliminate absolutely the heart disease. For example, in the case our heart rate is irregular and appears intermittently, if EC ...
Noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium with bicuspid aortic
Noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium with bicuspid aortic

... and right atriums, and the right ventricle were normal. Transthoracic echocardiography showed mild thickening of the aortic valve cusps. However, mitral valve structure was found to be of normal appearance. A moderate aortic regurgitation and mild mitral regurgitation were detected by color Doppler ...
Under-utilization of evidence-based drug treatment in patients with
Under-utilization of evidence-based drug treatment in patients with

... NYHA, New York Heart Association; ACS, acute coronary syndrome. a Potassium-sparing diuretics excluded. ...
Unroofed Coronary Sinus – A Rare Type of ASD
Unroofed Coronary Sinus – A Rare Type of ASD

... Unroofed coronary sinus is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly which might be difficult to diagnose (1). It is classified as an atrial septal defect and constitutes the rarest form of this group of congenital heart disease (2). The anatomic abnormality is variable and classified into four groups: type ...
The Initiation of the Heart Beat - J
The Initiation of the Heart Beat - J

... we found that at baseline, spontaneous diastolic SR Ca release, which is manifested by a late diastolic Cai elevation, occurred in only a small percentage of the preparations. The absence of late diastolic Cai elevation does not rule out Ca sparks, as the sensitivity of the camera may not be suffici ...
18 The Cardiovascular System: The
18 The Cardiovascular System: The

... protein kinase A Phosphorylates SR Ca2+ pumps, speeding Ca2+ c removal and relaxation Ca2+ Ca2+ uptake pump ...
Autonomic function in congenital heart defects Alexandra Pintér MD
Autonomic function in congenital heart defects Alexandra Pintér MD

... the cyanotic symptoms and the characteristic hypoxic spells appear in six months after birth. The treatment is primarily surgical. After various palliative operations and total surgical repairs the short- and long-term survival of patients with Tetralogy of Fallot is good, however, arrhythmias often ...
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia in 2 Children
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia in 2 Children

... indication of therapy for MAT is symptomatic children with rapid ventricular rate and cardiac decompensation. The reasons include: (1) the unpredictable response to antiarrhythmic drugs; (2) the good tolerability in most children with MAT; and (3) probable self-limiting course of MAT. Both the cases ...
Influence of Age on Pulmonary Haemodynamics
Influence of Age on Pulmonary Haemodynamics

... & Ranges [2] and Richards and coworkers [3] in the 'forties and has since become part of routine cardiac investigation. With the availability of a method for the direct investigation of pulmonary haemodynamics the need for normal values became clear. First studies of normal pressures in the heart we ...
beta-blockers: Are they useful in arrhythmias?
beta-blockers: Are they useful in arrhythmias?

... predominant role of beta-blockers in AF is for rate control, by virtue of their AV node-blocking action. For acute control of heart rate, especially in acute myocardial infarction complicated by AF, intravenous esmolol is the recommended agent.8, 9 For long-term use, beta-blockade is a safe therapy ...
A Composite of Features for Learning
A Composite of Features for Learning

... part of the vessel (OT) and 0.41 mm of average inside (AI). The results were encouraging. The AI was about one voxel. It was probably because the hole-filling and skeletonization were conducted on the original images and the minimal magnitude of error was one voxel. Since extra work has been involve ...
A randomized controlled trial of acupuncture in stable ischemic heart
A randomized controlled trial of acupuncture in stable ischemic heart

... SIHD patients is predominantly arrhythmic, and involves the cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) [6]. Heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of cardiac ANS function, is reduced in patients with SIHD and predictive of arrhythmic SCD [7]. Cardiac arrhythmias have been implicated both as a risk fact ...
Recommendations for the management of individuals with acquired
Recommendations for the management of individuals with acquired

... Physical check-ups among athletes with valvular heart disease are of significant relevance. In athletes with mitral valve stenosis the extent of allowed physical activity is dependant on the size of the left atrium and the severity of the valve defect. Patients with mild-to-moderate mitral valve reg ...
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Cardiac surgery



Cardiovascular (heart) surgery is surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. Frequently, it is done to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, coronary artery bypass grafting), correct congenital heart disease, or treat valvular heart disease from various causes including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation.
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