Long-term Complications and End organ damage
... Stroke or Heart Attack: If an atheroschlerotic plaque breaks off inside the artery, or the blood vessel ruptures, a blood clot can form within the artery. If this blocks blood flow to the brain it can lead to a stroke. If it blocks blood flow to the heart it can result in a heart attack. Aneurysm: T ...
... Stroke or Heart Attack: If an atheroschlerotic plaque breaks off inside the artery, or the blood vessel ruptures, a blood clot can form within the artery. If this blocks blood flow to the brain it can lead to a stroke. If it blocks blood flow to the heart it can result in a heart attack. Aneurysm: T ...
Isovolumic Relaxation Time and Incoordination: Important
... pulmonary artery pressure, yet the peak velocities are often of low intensity on the spectral display. By contrast the lower velocities recorded during the last 200 ms of the signal are often clear and reproducible. To evaluate the usefulness of measuring the time interval from pulmonary closure, P, ...
... pulmonary artery pressure, yet the peak velocities are often of low intensity on the spectral display. By contrast the lower velocities recorded during the last 200 ms of the signal are often clear and reproducible. To evaluate the usefulness of measuring the time interval from pulmonary closure, P, ...
Buenos Aires, 1992 - 1994
... Professor Zugibe confirmed that the sample corresponded to muscle of the heart, of the myocardium, precisely the left ventricle and that the patient to whom it belonged had suffered a lot because it showed some thrombi which indicated that at certain moments he could not breathe for lack of oxygen a ...
... Professor Zugibe confirmed that the sample corresponded to muscle of the heart, of the myocardium, precisely the left ventricle and that the patient to whom it belonged had suffered a lot because it showed some thrombi which indicated that at certain moments he could not breathe for lack of oxygen a ...
(10) I. Label the diagram above: Aorta Left Auricle Left Ventricle
... Rule #2: Veins always lead to the heart. Once the artery reaches its target destination, you will notice that it divides and subdivides, like the branches of a tree. This is so that the oxygen rich blood is undiluted before it reaches every nook and cranny of the receptive organ. Arteries divide int ...
... Rule #2: Veins always lead to the heart. Once the artery reaches its target destination, you will notice that it divides and subdivides, like the branches of a tree. This is so that the oxygen rich blood is undiluted before it reaches every nook and cranny of the receptive organ. Arteries divide int ...
Sheep Heart Dissection
... blood vessels. The side that feels thicker & more solid is the left ventricle. The right ventricle is much thinner & feels somewhat flabby when compressed. This difference reflects the greater demand placed on the left ventricle, which must pump blood through the much longer system circulation. Hold ...
... blood vessels. The side that feels thicker & more solid is the left ventricle. The right ventricle is much thinner & feels somewhat flabby when compressed. This difference reflects the greater demand placed on the left ventricle, which must pump blood through the much longer system circulation. Hold ...
Secondary hypertension Renal diseases
... they are used to confirm the diagnosis in those patients with ‘white-coat’ hypertension, i.e. blood pressure is completely normal at all stages except during a clinical consultation These devices may also be used to monitor the response of patients to drug treatment and, in particular, can be us ...
... they are used to confirm the diagnosis in those patients with ‘white-coat’ hypertension, i.e. blood pressure is completely normal at all stages except during a clinical consultation These devices may also be used to monitor the response of patients to drug treatment and, in particular, can be us ...
The Cardiovascular System
... A. Tunica Intima – Single layer of endothelial cells B. Tunica Media – A thick layer containing elastic fibres and muscle tissues. Closer to heart more elastic fibres those further away have more muscle fibre C. Tunica Externa – Contains collagen fibres for strength ...
... A. Tunica Intima – Single layer of endothelial cells B. Tunica Media – A thick layer containing elastic fibres and muscle tissues. Closer to heart more elastic fibres those further away have more muscle fibre C. Tunica Externa – Contains collagen fibres for strength ...
Diet and Food Production
... • A person who does not eat enough – Lacks energy – Shows signs of protein energy malnutrition – Can have deficiencies that impair health ...
... • A person who does not eat enough – Lacks energy – Shows signs of protein energy malnutrition – Can have deficiencies that impair health ...
Diet and Food Production
... • A person who does not eat enough – Lacks energy – Shows signs of protein energy malnutrition – Can have deficiencies that impair health ...
... • A person who does not eat enough – Lacks energy – Shows signs of protein energy malnutrition – Can have deficiencies that impair health ...
Cardiac Disease in Pregnancy
... left to right shunt (usually ASD, VSD, or PDA) As pulmonary hypertension worsens, PA pressure equals systemic pressure and the shunt becomes bidirectional or entirely right to left Eisenmenger’s syndrome is associated with a 30-50% chance of maternal mortality during pregnancy, delivery, or postpart ...
... left to right shunt (usually ASD, VSD, or PDA) As pulmonary hypertension worsens, PA pressure equals systemic pressure and the shunt becomes bidirectional or entirely right to left Eisenmenger’s syndrome is associated with a 30-50% chance of maternal mortality during pregnancy, delivery, or postpart ...
• ECG paper: small box = 0.04 seconds • Normal PR interval = 0.12
... Review Normal Measurement Intervals, such as: ...
... Review Normal Measurement Intervals, such as: ...
2010-cardiovascular
... B. inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme C. blockade of the angiotensin Ⅱ receptors D. increment of bradykinin synthesis E. causing vasodilation directly 7. The antihypertensive mechanism of diuretics for long-term treatment is: A. increasing water and sodium excretion from the kidneys. B. dec ...
... B. inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme C. blockade of the angiotensin Ⅱ receptors D. increment of bradykinin synthesis E. causing vasodilation directly 7. The antihypertensive mechanism of diuretics for long-term treatment is: A. increasing water and sodium excretion from the kidneys. B. dec ...
Arrhythmias – Clinical Update
... a first-degree relative under 35 with sudden cardiac death, for instance — is also at a higher risk. Persons with known heart disease, an ischaemic history with impairment of ventricular function or scarring and symptoms of palpitations had the foundations of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death, ...
... a first-degree relative under 35 with sudden cardiac death, for instance — is also at a higher risk. Persons with known heart disease, an ischaemic history with impairment of ventricular function or scarring and symptoms of palpitations had the foundations of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death, ...
A common clinical problem
... • Heart failure • Syncope • Physical exam • Harsh, rasping systolic murmur, like clearing your throat ...
... • Heart failure • Syncope • Physical exam • Harsh, rasping systolic murmur, like clearing your throat ...
course outline - Clackamas Community College
... Mark “C” if this course completely addresses the outcome. Students who successfully complete this course are likely to have attained this learning outcome. Mark “S” if this course substantially addresses the outcome. More than one course is required for the outcome to be completely addressed. Studen ...
... Mark “C” if this course completely addresses the outcome. Students who successfully complete this course are likely to have attained this learning outcome. Mark “S” if this course substantially addresses the outcome. More than one course is required for the outcome to be completely addressed. Studen ...
Total Dissolved Solids
... contraction of the ventricles) and diastolic pressure (the pressure that is maintained even while the left ventricle is relaxing). Describe the change in pulse pressure seen with exercise. Which component of the blood pressure is most responsible for this change? Increase in pulse pressure because o ...
... contraction of the ventricles) and diastolic pressure (the pressure that is maintained even while the left ventricle is relaxing). Describe the change in pulse pressure seen with exercise. Which component of the blood pressure is most responsible for this change? Increase in pulse pressure because o ...
Exam #2
... 3) The vocal chords are found in the ________________________________ a region of the upper respiratory tract. 4) As arteries move further and further from the heart they become ______________ before they are considered capillaries. On the way back to the heart the capillaries become _______________ ...
... 3) The vocal chords are found in the ________________________________ a region of the upper respiratory tract. 4) As arteries move further and further from the heart they become ______________ before they are considered capillaries. On the way back to the heart the capillaries become _______________ ...
Cardiac Review - Morris Hospital EMS
... •Since the initial dose of adenosine caused a transient drop in the HR, you decide to administer 12 mg of adenosine after 2 minutes has passed. This time, you let Anthony know that you will be administering the medication and give it followed by a 10-mL flush. The monitor showed a 3-second period of ...
... •Since the initial dose of adenosine caused a transient drop in the HR, you decide to administer 12 mg of adenosine after 2 minutes has passed. This time, you let Anthony know that you will be administering the medication and give it followed by a 10-mL flush. The monitor showed a 3-second period of ...
LARGE FORMAT ENGINEERED CARDIAC TISSUES
... When the heart gets injured, heart cells are irreversibly lost and scar tissue forms at the site of the injury. This scar tissue is stiffer than normal cardiac tissue and cannot develop force to assist cardiac function. As a result, cardiac function deteriorates, leading to heart failure. This techn ...
... When the heart gets injured, heart cells are irreversibly lost and scar tissue forms at the site of the injury. This scar tissue is stiffer than normal cardiac tissue and cannot develop force to assist cardiac function. As a result, cardiac function deteriorates, leading to heart failure. This techn ...
The Circulatory System
... With a partner, you will research one of the common heart diseases on the previous slide Be prepared to explain to the class what exactly happens to the heart, what may cause it, what risks are associated, and what can be done to avoid it Other factors to consider: is it related to another disease? ...
... With a partner, you will research one of the common heart diseases on the previous slide Be prepared to explain to the class what exactly happens to the heart, what may cause it, what risks are associated, and what can be done to avoid it Other factors to consider: is it related to another disease? ...
diseases of the cardiovascular system
... inhibit cardiac and vascular smooth muscle ____________; reduces blood pressure and cardiac afterload; overall improvement in ______________ – Or Propranolol: a beta-blocker to decrease heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand ...
... inhibit cardiac and vascular smooth muscle ____________; reduces blood pressure and cardiac afterload; overall improvement in ______________ – Or Propranolol: a beta-blocker to decrease heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand ...
The Road Connecting Obesity and Coronary Vasomotor Function
... increases in body weight, suggesting a threshold effect for the impairment. Third, increases in plasma levels of anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol were inversely associated with an impairment of the myocardial blood flow response to cold-pressor testing in obese individuals, suggestive of advers ...
... increases in body weight, suggesting a threshold effect for the impairment. Third, increases in plasma levels of anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol were inversely associated with an impairment of the myocardial blood flow response to cold-pressor testing in obese individuals, suggestive of advers ...
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.