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Cardiovascular Disorders
Cardiovascular Disorders

... atrium remains higher than that of the left ventricle. By restricting flow, mitral stenosis results in 2 primary pathophysiological consequences: Increased left atrial pressure is referred to the lungs, where it leads to congestion and the symptoms associated with it The restricted orifice limits fi ...
Hemodynamic instability - Clinical View
Hemodynamic instability - Clinical View

... Cardiac output While invasive monitoring of blood pressure is relatively common in surgical patients who are at higher risk for hemodynamic instability, cardiac output monitoring is less common. Clinical recognition of low cardiac output syndrome in the absence of hypotension can be difficult (23, 2 ...
Brugada Syndrome - UC Irvine`s Department of Medicine
Brugada Syndrome - UC Irvine`s Department of Medicine

... •May have less specificity and sensitivity than Ajmaline. ...
Lab 7: BLOOD PRESSURE AT REST AND DURING EXERCISE
Lab 7: BLOOD PRESSURE AT REST AND DURING EXERCISE

... both of the aforementioned reasons. They cause large increases in heart rate and stroke volume because they require the use of large amounts of muscle mass. They also require very forceful muscular contractions resulting in the compression of arteries, which surround the muscles. When both of these ...
C 3. Determinants and control of cardiac output a. Explain Starling`s
C 3. Determinants and control of cardiac output a. Explain Starling`s

... ventricle and a left coronary dividing into LAD supplying the anterior of the left ventricle and a circumflex artery extending to the apex and posterior of the heart, anastomosing with the RCA territory. There is significant anastomosis of the arterial supply, allowing for retrograde perfusion in so ...
Circulatory System
Circulatory System

... from the atria(bottom number on BP reading) ...
File - CAPE Biology Unit 1 Haughton XLCR 2013
File - CAPE Biology Unit 1 Haughton XLCR 2013

... through the superior vena cava, while blood from the legs and lower torso arrives through the inferior vena cava). Once both atria are full, they contract, and the deoxygenated blood from the right atrium flows into the right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve ...
Thrombolysis
Thrombolysis

this section does not print
this section does not print

... eventually triggering polymorphic VT. If her heart rate was not fast enough without the presence of AF, polymorphic VT and sudden cardiac death could have been the first presentation of her non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. In this regard, her AF was considered “cardio-protective”, preventing polymorphic ...
GDF15, a Cardioprotective TGF-ß Superfamily Protein
GDF15, a Cardioprotective TGF-ß Superfamily Protein

... were originally identified as molecules important for regulating development, differentiation, and tissue repair in various organs.1 TGF-␤1, a founding member of the TGF-␤ superfamily, plays a key role in mediating cardiac hypertrophy2 and remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) as an autocrine/ ...
The heart contains these main components: OVERVIEW
The heart contains these main components: OVERVIEW

... OVERVIEW OF HEART ANATOMY The heart contains these main components: 1) 4 Chambers: These muscular compartments contract to pump blood. 2) Vessels: These tubes conduct and direct the flow of blood toward and away from the heart. 3) 4 Valves: These flaps help prevent the backflow of blood through the ...
Calcium channel blockers/antagonists
Calcium channel blockers/antagonists

Word version of this scenario
Word version of this scenario

... Management of atrial fibrillation: rate vs rhythm control, use of anticoagulation; preparation required for elective cardioversion Role of the anticoagulant clinic and pharmacist Complications of atrial fibrillation Management of pulseless ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation Indicat ...
Dr. M. Wilhelm
Dr. M. Wilhelm

... • Treatment for Patients With Heart Failure • Treatment for Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease and Claudication ...
my feature on minimally invasive heart surgery
my feature on minimally invasive heart surgery

... A unique collaboration between cardiac surgeons and interventional cardiologists is leading to treatment options for people with coronary artery disease—and other diseases of the heart and blood vessels—that are safer, more effective, and more comfortable than traditional approaches. Newer alternati ...
DIRECTIONS: Each of the questions or incomplete statements
DIRECTIONS: Each of the questions or incomplete statements

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: diagnosis and management (PDF
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: diagnosis and management (PDF

... of pulmonary blood flow. Early favorable outcome depends on such preoperative variables as the size of the ascending aorta (preferable situation is prograde flow through the ascending aorta) and good right ventricular and tricuspid valve function. Reconstruction of the ascending aorta and aortic arc ...
Fig. 1 - JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging
Fig. 1 - JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging

... The past decade can aptly be called the decade of “diastology.” We have made rapid advances in our understanding of LV filling dynamics, cardiovascular elastance, vascular and ventricular stiffness, as well as left atrial (LA) mechanics. New developments in echocardiography enable a much more compreh ...
Module_03_Lab_W
Module_03_Lab_W

... The cardiac cycle represents all of the events associated with one complete heartbeat including the blood flow, cardiac conduction system, heart valves, and the contraction of the heart muscle. Cardiac output and blood pressure are a result of the cardiac cycle. Cardiac output is the amount of blood ...
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Rheumatic Heart Disease

... always is associated with mitral and aortic lesions. The pulmonary valve is rarely affected. Severe valve insufficiency during the acute phase may result in congestive heart failure and even death (1% of patients). Pericarditis, when present, rarely affects cardiac function or results in constrictiv ...
palpitations
palpitations

Transposition of the Great Arteries
Transposition of the Great Arteries

... o Occurs during the 5th week of gestation o Twisting of the primordial heart tube to right (d-looping)  Places eventual morphologic right ventricle on right side of heart  Places eventual morphologic left ventricle on left side of heart  Brings atrium to right and posterior of ventricles  Normal ...
Pre-operative Assessment and Preparation
Pre-operative Assessment and Preparation

... Cardiac complications  Avoid excessive fluid post-op in all patients with cardiac ischemia or valvular disease  Major causes are hypovolemia, Acute renal failure sepsis, jaundice and characterized by: (oliguria, dilute urine , & mismatched blood urea conc.<300 mmol/l) ...
Glossary of Lay Terms for Consent
Glossary of Lay Terms for Consent

... Drug that suppresses the body’s immune response, used in transplantation and diseases caused by problems with immunity ...
intravenous fat emulsion: an emerging antidote for acute local
intravenous fat emulsion: an emerging antidote for acute local

... outcome has since been reported in 58 additional patients. Incidence among males and females was similar. Age ranged from 3 days to 92 years and weight from 3.2 to 85 kg. All patients made complete uneventful recovery with no serious adverse events reported. Discussion In this review, we sought to s ...
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Myocardial infarction



Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.
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