Cardiovascular system
... Capillaries have only an endothelium, with no subendothelial layer or other tunics. ...
... Capillaries have only an endothelium, with no subendothelial layer or other tunics. ...
the cardiovascular system: the heart
... What is an electrocardiogram? Impulse conduction through the heart generates electrical currents that can be detected at the body surface. A recording of the electrical changes that accompany each cardiac cycle is called an electrocardiogram (ECG). The ECG is a composite of action potentials produce ...
... What is an electrocardiogram? Impulse conduction through the heart generates electrical currents that can be detected at the body surface. A recording of the electrical changes that accompany each cardiac cycle is called an electrocardiogram (ECG). The ECG is a composite of action potentials produce ...
Method 1
... Electrical Axis of the Heart The electrical axis is the sum total of all electrical currents generated by the ventricular myocardium during depolarization. Analysis of the axis may help to determine the location and extent of cardiac injury, such as ventricular hypertrophy, bundle branch block, or c ...
... Electrical Axis of the Heart The electrical axis is the sum total of all electrical currents generated by the ventricular myocardium during depolarization. Analysis of the axis may help to determine the location and extent of cardiac injury, such as ventricular hypertrophy, bundle branch block, or c ...
THE AFIB REPORT
... Also in this issue we report that yoga may be helpful for adrenergic afibbers, the risk of an AF-related stroke peaks during the winter, and that using a smartphone app can help detect AF episodes. A new protocol for preventing adrenergically-mediated AF episodes is reviewed. Last but not least, if ...
... Also in this issue we report that yoga may be helpful for adrenergic afibbers, the risk of an AF-related stroke peaks during the winter, and that using a smartphone app can help detect AF episodes. A new protocol for preventing adrenergically-mediated AF episodes is reviewed. Last but not least, if ...
PDF - Circulation Research
... our ability to recognize the morphological features during life, along with the outcomes of treatment, which have been transformed over the past half century. In this respect, it salutary to realize that surgical treatment for so-called transposition did not begin in earnest until the mid 1960s. Sur ...
... our ability to recognize the morphological features during life, along with the outcomes of treatment, which have been transformed over the past half century. In this respect, it salutary to realize that surgical treatment for so-called transposition did not begin in earnest until the mid 1960s. Sur ...
Higher Human Biology - Mrs Smith' s Biology
... • Blood pressure is also directly related to volume of blood present in the arteries. An increased arterial volume leads to an increase in arterial pressure. ...
... • Blood pressure is also directly related to volume of blood present in the arteries. An increased arterial volume leads to an increase in arterial pressure. ...
Adult basic life support
... • The ductus arteriosus normally closes about 1 month after birth in full-term infants and takes longer to close in premature infants ...
... • The ductus arteriosus normally closes about 1 month after birth in full-term infants and takes longer to close in premature infants ...
pdf - Choosing Wisely
... Asymptomatic, low-risk patients account for up to 45 percent of inappropriate stress testing. Testing should be performed only when the following findings are present: diabetes in patients older than 40 years old, peripheral arterial disease, and greater than 2 percent yearly coronary heart disease ...
... Asymptomatic, low-risk patients account for up to 45 percent of inappropriate stress testing. Testing should be performed only when the following findings are present: diabetes in patients older than 40 years old, peripheral arterial disease, and greater than 2 percent yearly coronary heart disease ...
Cardiovascular and ____ in the Geriatric Patient
... Conduction system fibrosis and loss of SA nodal cells will increase the incidence of dysrthythmias SA nodal cells do not replicate as when they were young Vagal tone – a decrease sensitivity of adrenergetic receptors leads to decreases in heart rate. ...
... Conduction system fibrosis and loss of SA nodal cells will increase the incidence of dysrthythmias SA nodal cells do not replicate as when they were young Vagal tone – a decrease sensitivity of adrenergetic receptors leads to decreases in heart rate. ...
More respect for the CVP - Area
... worse, for it will increase the pressure in the ventricular wall and thus impede coronary flow, it will shift the septum to the left and decrease the compliance of the left heart [8] and produce peripheral edema. It needs to be emphasized that even left heart dysfunction produces a decrease in cardi ...
... worse, for it will increase the pressure in the ventricular wall and thus impede coronary flow, it will shift the septum to the left and decrease the compliance of the left heart [8] and produce peripheral edema. It needs to be emphasized that even left heart dysfunction produces a decrease in cardi ...
Slide 1
... Ablation catheter is maneuvered so its electrode tip is in contact with the abnormal tissue Location of the ablation target is determined by a process called “electrical mapping,” in which the catheter is moved from spot to spot to find the appropriate area Energy known as Radiofrequency (RF) energy ...
... Ablation catheter is maneuvered so its electrode tip is in contact with the abnormal tissue Location of the ablation target is determined by a process called “electrical mapping,” in which the catheter is moved from spot to spot to find the appropriate area Energy known as Radiofrequency (RF) energy ...
Meaning of Ejection Fraction After operation the ejection fraction
... Dr Nath and coworkers' otherwise excellent contribution, "Regional wall motion analysis predicts survival and functional outcome after subendocardial resection in patients with prior anterior myocardial infarction" (Circulation. 1993;88:70-76), contains an error that is commonly made by the practiti ...
... Dr Nath and coworkers' otherwise excellent contribution, "Regional wall motion analysis predicts survival and functional outcome after subendocardial resection in patients with prior anterior myocardial infarction" (Circulation. 1993;88:70-76), contains an error that is commonly made by the practiti ...
Anatomy and myoarchitecture of the left ventricular wall in normal
... aspect rightward where they cross the inferior (posterior) interventricular groove. At the obtuse margin, they are at an angle of 10–208 to the long axis of the left ventricular inlet.26 The superficial ‘layer’ occupies approximately 25% of the wall thickness.28 At the vortex of the left ventricle, ...
... aspect rightward where they cross the inferior (posterior) interventricular groove. At the obtuse margin, they are at an angle of 10–208 to the long axis of the left ventricular inlet.26 The superficial ‘layer’ occupies approximately 25% of the wall thickness.28 At the vortex of the left ventricle, ...
electrophysiology study and radiofrequency ablation
... stimulate the ventricles. The heart rhythm is irregular, erratic and usually (but not always) rapid. Atrial fibrillation may occur once in a while or it may be long-standing (chronic). AF may cause clots to form in the heart. These may dislodge and cause strokes. Ventricular Arrhythmias:Ventricular ...
... stimulate the ventricles. The heart rhythm is irregular, erratic and usually (but not always) rapid. Atrial fibrillation may occur once in a while or it may be long-standing (chronic). AF may cause clots to form in the heart. These may dislodge and cause strokes. Ventricular Arrhythmias:Ventricular ...
AF_20.09.12
... d. Age 75 years or older. e. Age 65 years or older with one of the following: diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease or hypertension. 8. Dabigatran is a twice-daily drug. There are two doses – 150mg bd and 110mg bd. The higher dose is more effective than warfarin at preventing stroke but has a s ...
... d. Age 75 years or older. e. Age 65 years or older with one of the following: diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease or hypertension. 8. Dabigatran is a twice-daily drug. There are two doses – 150mg bd and 110mg bd. The higher dose is more effective than warfarin at preventing stroke but has a s ...
The Evolution of ICD Therapy:
... Coverage for anesthesia and surgery in patients with positive cardiac history ...
... Coverage for anesthesia and surgery in patients with positive cardiac history ...
Q and A-ASD_V3.indd - Adult Congenital Heart Association
... Other tests your doctor may want you to have might include: • Chest X-ray • Electrocardiogram (EKG) • Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) • Transesophageal Echo (TEE) • Heart Catheterization What types of symptoms should I look for? In adulthood, symptoms are often subtle. You may have decreas ...
... Other tests your doctor may want you to have might include: • Chest X-ray • Electrocardiogram (EKG) • Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) • Transesophageal Echo (TEE) • Heart Catheterization What types of symptoms should I look for? In adulthood, symptoms are often subtle. You may have decreas ...
Supraventricular Tachycardia vs. Marfan`s Syndrome
... in 80% of cases, often being present even at birth. Involvement of either the mitral valve or the aortic valve is present in 85% of the cases. The aortic dilatation can be found anywhere from one year of life onward. In the past, average life expectancy has been somewhere between 35-45 years of age. ...
... in 80% of cases, often being present even at birth. Involvement of either the mitral valve or the aortic valve is present in 85% of the cases. The aortic dilatation can be found anywhere from one year of life onward. In the past, average life expectancy has been somewhere between 35-45 years of age. ...
syncope evaluation - University Hospitals of Leicester
... If there are features of vasovagal syncope in the history, the paediatrician is happy that there is no neurological pathology, the ECG is normal and the cardiac examination is normal then it is reasonable to accept the diagnosis of vasovagal syncope and to treat appropriately. Checklist before accep ...
... If there are features of vasovagal syncope in the history, the paediatrician is happy that there is no neurological pathology, the ECG is normal and the cardiac examination is normal then it is reasonable to accept the diagnosis of vasovagal syncope and to treat appropriately. Checklist before accep ...
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.