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... This electrocardiogram demonstrates an artificial cardiac pacemaker which is responsible for initiating contractions within the atria as well as the ventricles. Note the double pacemaker spikes associated with each complete cycle of contraction. The first spike indicates stimuli to the atria, while ...
... This electrocardiogram demonstrates an artificial cardiac pacemaker which is responsible for initiating contractions within the atria as well as the ventricles. Note the double pacemaker spikes associated with each complete cycle of contraction. The first spike indicates stimuli to the atria, while ...
ТАШКЕНТСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ
... Most often the source of increased production of electrical impulses atrioventricular node. The patient complains of frequent palpitations, discomfort in the chest. Sometimes there are pains in the heart, shortness of breath. Often accompanied by an attack of tachycardia dizziness, weakness. If the ...
... Most often the source of increased production of electrical impulses atrioventricular node. The patient complains of frequent palpitations, discomfort in the chest. Sometimes there are pains in the heart, shortness of breath. Often accompanied by an attack of tachycardia dizziness, weakness. If the ...
mmol/L
... • ‘If the creatine kinase concentration is markedly elevated (>10 times upper limit of normal), and myopathy is suspected or diagnosed, treatment should be discontinued’ • Monitoring of creatine kinase is required if patients of lipid-lowering medications have muscle symptoms BNF March 2001 p125 ...
... • ‘If the creatine kinase concentration is markedly elevated (>10 times upper limit of normal), and myopathy is suspected or diagnosed, treatment should be discontinued’ • Monitoring of creatine kinase is required if patients of lipid-lowering medications have muscle symptoms BNF March 2001 p125 ...
Female athlete's heart: Systolic and diastolic function related to circulatory dimensions
... abstinence. All participants underwent a maximal upright bicycle cardiopulmonary exercise test including a 6-min steady state workload of 100 W followed by a continuous increment in workload of 10 W each minute until exhaustion, using an electrically braked bicycle ergometer (eBike Basic, GE Medical ...
... abstinence. All participants underwent a maximal upright bicycle cardiopulmonary exercise test including a 6-min steady state workload of 100 W followed by a continuous increment in workload of 10 W each minute until exhaustion, using an electrically braked bicycle ergometer (eBike Basic, GE Medical ...
Near-Syncope After Exercise
... blood vessels and increases vagal stimulation of the heart. A patient with CSH may experience lightheadedness or syncope when these stretch receptors are simulated by abruptly turning the head, by wearing a tight collar, by shaving, or by compression or invasion of the carotid sinus or of the glosso ...
... blood vessels and increases vagal stimulation of the heart. A patient with CSH may experience lightheadedness or syncope when these stretch receptors are simulated by abruptly turning the head, by wearing a tight collar, by shaving, or by compression or invasion of the carotid sinus or of the glosso ...
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of left ventricular dysfunction
... of ejection fraction by biplane summation method where possible, clinical symptoms, and signs of left ventricular dysfunction. Results The overall prevalence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction was 7.5% (95% confidence interval 5.8% to 9.5%); mild dysfunction (5.0%) was considerably more preval ...
... of ejection fraction by biplane summation method where possible, clinical symptoms, and signs of left ventricular dysfunction. Results The overall prevalence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction was 7.5% (95% confidence interval 5.8% to 9.5%); mild dysfunction (5.0%) was considerably more preval ...
Ins(1,4,5)P and cardiac dysfunction
... secreted by the lymphocytes. The second pathway involves the Fas ligand expressed on the surface of the lymphocytes binding to the Fas (receptor) (CD95 /Apo-1) and activating apoptotic pathways similar to those initiated by TNF-a [20,28]. Using cytotoxic T lymphocytes from perforin knockout mice, ac ...
... secreted by the lymphocytes. The second pathway involves the Fas ligand expressed on the surface of the lymphocytes binding to the Fas (receptor) (CD95 /Apo-1) and activating apoptotic pathways similar to those initiated by TNF-a [20,28]. Using cytotoxic T lymphocytes from perforin knockout mice, ac ...
Challenges of CMR diagnosis
... Retrospective study of 16 patients investigated for clinical suspicion of RCM (n=9), CCP (n=4) or clinical and ultrasonography features that does not allow a diagnostic orientation in favor of CPC or RCM (n=3). Clinical history and ultrasonography features were reviewed for all ...
... Retrospective study of 16 patients investigated for clinical suspicion of RCM (n=9), CCP (n=4) or clinical and ultrasonography features that does not allow a diagnostic orientation in favor of CPC or RCM (n=3). Clinical history and ultrasonography features were reviewed for all ...
Giant right ventricular outflow tract thrombus in hereditary
... episode of hemoptysis. A second helical CT-pulmonary angiography was performed, showing a consolidation in the right inferior lobe (Fig. 1) and suspicion of a thrombus in the right ventricle (Fig. 2). The lung consolidation was interpreted as a pulmonary infarction due to pulmonary embolism from the ...
... episode of hemoptysis. A second helical CT-pulmonary angiography was performed, showing a consolidation in the right inferior lobe (Fig. 1) and suspicion of a thrombus in the right ventricle (Fig. 2). The lung consolidation was interpreted as a pulmonary infarction due to pulmonary embolism from the ...
Global Strain in Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis
... Horten, Norway) speckle tracking software 2-D. GLS was determined as the magnitude of strain at the aortic valve closure, and systolic strain rate (SRS) was determined as the maximal negative SR value during the ejection phase. Both parameters were assessed in all 3 apical planes, and the mean value ...
... Horten, Norway) speckle tracking software 2-D. GLS was determined as the magnitude of strain at the aortic valve closure, and systolic strain rate (SRS) was determined as the maximal negative SR value during the ejection phase. Both parameters were assessed in all 3 apical planes, and the mean value ...
Alcohol consumption and risk of heart failure: the Atherosclerosis
... Alcohol consumption was ascertained at all visits by means of an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Subjects were asked if they currently drank alcoholic beverages and, if not, whether they had done so in the past. Current drinkers were asked how often they usually drank wine, beer, or hard liq ...
... Alcohol consumption was ascertained at all visits by means of an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Subjects were asked if they currently drank alcoholic beverages and, if not, whether they had done so in the past. Current drinkers were asked how often they usually drank wine, beer, or hard liq ...
viding diagnostic insights into the pathophysiologic mechanisms under
... scratchy, superficial quality and by the fact that they have at least 2 or 3 components (systolic, diastolic, presystolic). They occur in patients with acute pericarditis, after AMI, heart surgery, or chest injury, and in association with uremia, malignancy, or connective tissue diseases.193 An effe ...
... scratchy, superficial quality and by the fact that they have at least 2 or 3 components (systolic, diastolic, presystolic). They occur in patients with acute pericarditis, after AMI, heart surgery, or chest injury, and in association with uremia, malignancy, or connective tissue diseases.193 An effe ...
Noninvasive Assessment of Local Myocardium Repolarization
... sources are illustrated in Fig. 2 (bottom). Evaluation of the combined influence of the number of measured leads, size of the lesion and used torso model on the localization error is shown in Fig. 3. Localization of small lesions from 192 and 62 leads provided similarly good results; localization fr ...
... sources are illustrated in Fig. 2 (bottom). Evaluation of the combined influence of the number of measured leads, size of the lesion and used torso model on the localization error is shown in Fig. 3. Localization of small lesions from 192 and 62 leads provided similarly good results; localization fr ...
Cholesterol and Triglycerides - Factsheet
... Cholesterol is produced by the liver in adequate quantities to meet the body’s daily needs. However, it is also found in fatty foods and it is often an excess of additional cholesterol from fatty foods that causes the body’s blood cholesterol levels to rise to an unhealthy level. If cholesterol leve ...
... Cholesterol is produced by the liver in adequate quantities to meet the body’s daily needs. However, it is also found in fatty foods and it is often an excess of additional cholesterol from fatty foods that causes the body’s blood cholesterol levels to rise to an unhealthy level. If cholesterol leve ...
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
... exertional, nocturnal), orthopnea – Systemic congestion (right heart failure), edema, nausea, abdominal pain, nocturia – Low cardiac output – Hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea – Fatigue and weakness • Arrhythmia – Atrial fibrillation, conduction delays, complex PVC’s, sudden death ...
... exertional, nocturnal), orthopnea – Systemic congestion (right heart failure), edema, nausea, abdominal pain, nocturia – Low cardiac output – Hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea – Fatigue and weakness • Arrhythmia – Atrial fibrillation, conduction delays, complex PVC’s, sudden death ...
Valvular Heart Disease in Pregnancy
... increase in heart rate, which contributes to an increase in cardiac output. However, the placental circulation offers a decrease in systemic vascular resistance, which can be favorable for certain cardiac lesions.1,2 Hemodynamic changes during labor and delivery At the time of labor and delivery, th ...
... increase in heart rate, which contributes to an increase in cardiac output. However, the placental circulation offers a decrease in systemic vascular resistance, which can be favorable for certain cardiac lesions.1,2 Hemodynamic changes during labor and delivery At the time of labor and delivery, th ...
Comment - Cardiac Arrhythmias
... antiarrhythmic drugs accumulate during longer followup. These trials have been criticised because patients have generally failed previous treatment with one or more antiarrhythmic drugs. However, one trial of patients naive to previous antiarrhythmic drug therapy reported a clear advantage to left a ...
... antiarrhythmic drugs accumulate during longer followup. These trials have been criticised because patients have generally failed previous treatment with one or more antiarrhythmic drugs. However, one trial of patients naive to previous antiarrhythmic drug therapy reported a clear advantage to left a ...
heartworm_disease_in_dogs
... • Stabilize lung/breathing failure with oxygen supplementation; medications to prevent the development of blood clots (known as “antithrombotic agents,” such as aspirin or heparin); or anti-inflammatory dosages of steroids, depending on the clinical and x-ray (radiographic) findings • Melarsomine (I ...
... • Stabilize lung/breathing failure with oxygen supplementation; medications to prevent the development of blood clots (known as “antithrombotic agents,” such as aspirin or heparin); or anti-inflammatory dosages of steroids, depending on the clinical and x-ray (radiographic) findings • Melarsomine (I ...
FIRST EXPERIENCE WITH SALBUTAMOL
... salbutamol inhalation are presented in table 3. The typical normal response to salbutamol inhalation showed a drop in the height of inflection point and prolongation of corresponding PPT (Fig. 1B, Fig. 2). The typical blunted response of DVP to inhaled salbutamol consists of attenuated decrease in t ...
... salbutamol inhalation are presented in table 3. The typical normal response to salbutamol inhalation showed a drop in the height of inflection point and prolongation of corresponding PPT (Fig. 1B, Fig. 2). The typical blunted response of DVP to inhaled salbutamol consists of attenuated decrease in t ...
Prevalence of Left Ventricular Regional Dysfunction in
... Figure 1. Examples from a healthy control subject (i) and a definite ARVD patient (ii) showing HARP analysis of short-axis tagged MR images at the mid slice level. Circular mesh (left) is defined by the user to represent the region of measurement in the LV wall (yellow subendocardial layer, red midw ...
... Figure 1. Examples from a healthy control subject (i) and a definite ARVD patient (ii) showing HARP analysis of short-axis tagged MR images at the mid slice level. Circular mesh (left) is defined by the user to represent the region of measurement in the LV wall (yellow subendocardial layer, red midw ...
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... patients with dilated cardiomyopathy we have described, pacemaker therapy can be further refined. It is perhaps a measure of the magnitude of the activation disturbance that even so unsophisticated a measure as pacing from the right ventricular apex leads to functional improvement. It is most unlike ...
... patients with dilated cardiomyopathy we have described, pacemaker therapy can be further refined. It is perhaps a measure of the magnitude of the activation disturbance that even so unsophisticated a measure as pacing from the right ventricular apex leads to functional improvement. It is most unlike ...
Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function in bronchial asthma
... Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function in bronchial asthma: can we rely on transmitral inflow velocity patterns? Background: Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction has been reported in bronchial asthma (BA), based on the finding of abnormal transmitral inflow velocities on Doppler ec ...
... Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function in bronchial asthma: can we rely on transmitral inflow velocity patterns? Background: Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction has been reported in bronchial asthma (BA), based on the finding of abnormal transmitral inflow velocities on Doppler ec ...
Assessment of Cardiac Autonomic Regulation in Children with
... To exclude urologic or neurologic abnormalities, a detailed case history was taken and a physical examination was performed. In addition, routine blood chemistry, urine analysis, urine culture and urinary ultrasound were carried out in all of the children in order to eliminate deficiency of anti-diu ...
... To exclude urologic or neurologic abnormalities, a detailed case history was taken and a physical examination was performed. In addition, routine blood chemistry, urine analysis, urine culture and urinary ultrasound were carried out in all of the children in order to eliminate deficiency of anti-diu ...
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, or cardiac arrest.Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.Worldwide, more than 3 million people have ST elevation MIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs each year. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.